Transfusion medicine as of 2014.
This article tries to summarize the latest publications in those fields.
PMID: 25580259 [PubMed] (Source: F1000 Medicine Reports)
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Advances in the management of enuresis.
In this report, we summarize the advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of enuresis.
PMID: 25580260 [PubMed] (Source: F1000 Medicine Reports)
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Mycobacterium abscessus subsp abscessus lung disease: 'trouble ahead, trouble behind…'.
Authors: Griffith DE
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus subsp abscessus is the most common respiratory pathogen among the rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and is also the most feared due to its well-deserved reputation for being refractory to antibiotic therapy. M. abscessus subsp abscessus has multiple innate antibiotic resistance mechanisms, but the most important one described so far is an inducible erythromycin methylase (erm) gene. M. abscessus subsp abscessus isolates may appear macrolide susceptible on initial in vitro testing but become macrolide resistant after exposure to macrolid...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Management of colorectal cancer.
Authors: Stintzing S
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent solid tumors in the Western world. Treatment options are dependent on the stage of the disease, the performance status of the patient, and increasingly the molecular makeup of the tumor. In countries with surveillance programs, the incidence rate as well as the mortality rate has gone down because of the earlier stages at which the tumors are detected. For rectal cancer, standard of care differs from that of colon cancer with regard to perioperative treatment. In the metastatic setting, treatment options are uniform for colorectal ...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
S1P signaling: new therapies and opportunities.
Authors: Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Brown S, Studer SM, Rosen H
Abstract
Development of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulators to dampen inflammation and its sequelae is becoming increasingly promising for treating medical conditions characterized by significant immunopathology. As shown by the non-selective S1P receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod [Gilenya(®)]) in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the ability to use S1P1 modulation to precisely block immune cell traffic-immunomodulation-while maintaining immunosurveillance, has opened therapeutic opportunities in vari...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Mechanisms of left-right asymmetry and patterning: driver, mediator and responder.
Authors: Hamada H, Tam PP
Abstract
The establishment of a left-right (LR) organizer in the form of the ventral node is an absolute prerequisite for patterning the tissues on contralateral sides of the body of the mouse embryo. The experimental findings to date are consistent with a mechanistic paradigm that the laterality information, which is generated in the ventral node, elicits asymmetric molecular activity and cellular behaviour in the perinodal tissues. This information is then relayed to the cells in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) when the left-specific signal is processed and translated into LR b...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Is bipolar always bipolar? Understanding the controversy on bipolar disorder in children.
Authors: Grimmer Y, Hohmann S, Poustka L
Abstract
Dramatically increasing prevalence rates of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in the United States have provoked controversy regarding the boundaries of manic symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatry. The serious impact of this ongoing debate on the treatment of affected children is reflected in the concomitant increase in prescription rates for antipsychotic medication. A key question in the debate is whether this increase in bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is based on a better detection of early-onset bipolar disorder-which can ...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Update on hidradenitis suppurativa: connecting the tracts.
Authors: Gill L, Williams M, Hamzavi I
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating skin disease characterized by recurrent abscesses, sinus tract formation, and scarring. Prevalence estimates range from 0.053% to 4.1%, although HS is likely an underdiagnosed disease. Although the first reports of HS date back to the mid-19th century, the disease continues to plague patients and physicians desperate for a definitive treatment. Advances in the understanding of the disease process include the possibility of a defective basement membrane at the sebofollicular junction of the folliculopilosebaceous...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Recent advances in contraception.
We report on the shift in practice towards routinely providing IUCs and implants to young and nulliparous women, prompted in part by the reduced diameter of the insertion tube for the Mirena IUC and the development of a smaller IUC called Skyla. Additionally, we describe the new SCu300A intrauterine ball and the development of an implant called Nexplanon, which comes with a preloaded inserter. We also discuss the efficacy of ulipristal acetate versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception, especially for women who weigh more than 75 kg. Finally, in light of the increasing interest in providing IUCs and implants to wome...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Brain metastasis and treatment.
Authors: Ahluwalia MS, Vogelbaum MV, Chao ST, Mehta MM
Abstract
Despite major therapeutic advances in the management of patients with systemic malignancies, management of brain metastases remains a significant challenge. These patients often require multidisciplinary care that includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Complex decisions about the sequencing of therapies to control extracranial and intracranial disease require input from neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical/neuro-oncologists. With advances in understanding of the biology of brain metas...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Recent advances in mechanical ventilation in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: Serpa Neto A, Filho RR, Rocha LL, Schultz MJ
Abstract
While being an essential part of general anesthesia for surgery and at times even a life-saving intervention in critically ill patients, mechanical ventilation has a strong potential to cause harm. Certain ventilation strategies could prevent, at least to some extent, the injury caused by this intervention. One essential element of so-called 'lung-protective' ventilation is the use of lower tidal volumes. It is uncertain whether higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressures have lung-protective properties as well. There are indications tha...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
This article reviews current therapies and new potential treatments that are currently undergoing investigation. The major development in the treatment of LAM is the discovery of two mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, sirolimus and everolimus, as effective drugs. However, inhibition of mTOR increases autophagy, which may lead to enhanced LAM cell survival. Use of autophagy inhibitors, for example, hydroxychloroquine, in combination with sirolimus is now the subject of an ongoing drug trial (SAIL trial). Another consequence of mTOR inhibition by sirolimus is an increase in Rho activity, resulting in reduced pr...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Recent advances in the treatment of non-small cell and small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Stinchcombe TE
Abstract
Recent presentations at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting from 30 May to 3 June, 2014, will impact routine clinical care and the development of clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Patients with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, defined as exon 19 and exon 21 L858R point mutations, experience a high objective response rate and prolonged progression-free survival with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, inevitably, patients experience disease progre...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Vitamin D and immunity.
Authors: Lucas RM, Gorman S, Geldenhuys S, Hart PH
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of a wide range of adverse health outcomes. The active form of vitamin D has an important role in calcium metabolism and in bone mineralisation, but the evidence for other health outcomes is mixed, with the strongest effects seen in the weakest epidemiological study designs. There are plausible pathways whereby vitamin D deficiency can impair immune function, resulting in both overactivity and increased risk of autoimmune disease, as well as immune suppression with poorer resistance to infe...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Management of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Authors: Kavanagh D, Raman S, Sheerin NS
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, although other organs may be involved. Most cases are due to infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Early identification and initiation of best supportive care, with microbiological input to identify the pathogen, result in a favorable outcome in most patients. The remaining 10% of HUS cases are classed together as atypical HUS and have a diverse etiology. The majority are due to inherited or acquired abnormalities that ...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - January 14, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
