Regulating dynamin dynamics during endocytosis.
Authors: Sundborger AC, Hinshaw JE
Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase that mediates plasma membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin assembles into polymers on the necks of budding membranes in cells and has been shown to undergo GTP-dependent conformational changes that lead to membrane fission in vitro. Recent efforts have shed new light on the mechanisms of dynamin-mediated fission, yet exactly how dynamin performs this function in vivo is still not fully understood. Dynamin interacts with a number of proteins during the endocytic process. These interactions are mediated by the C-te...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Reaching a consensus on the mechanism of dynamin?
Authors: Roux A
Abstract
AMONG THE PROTEINS INVOLVED IN LIPID MEMBRANE REMODELING IN INTRACELLULAR TRAFFIC, DYNAMIN HAS BEEN THE FOCUS OF MANY STUDIES, AS IT WAS THE FIRST PROTEIN SHOWN TO BE MECHANISTICALLY INVOLVED IN MEMBRANE FISSION: the reaction by which a vesicle neck can be severed to release a free vesicle. After almost 25 years of research, a wide variety of data from various techniques has been acquired on the mechanism by which dynamin breaks membranes. However, the literature may sometimes sound confusing, and the primary goal of this review will be to provide a stepping stone towards a potenti...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Natural killer cell regulation - beyond the receptors.
Authors: Watzl C, Urlaub D, Fasbender F, Claus M
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that are important for early and effective immune responses against infections and cancer. In the last 40 years, many receptors, their corresponding ligands and signaling pathways that regulate NK cell functions have been identified. However, we now know that additional processes, such as NK cell education, differentiation and also the formation of NK cell memory, have a great impact on the reactivity of these cells. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about these modulatory processes.
PMID: 25...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Control systems and coordination protocols of the secretory pathway.
Authors: Luini A, Mavelli G, Jung J, Cancino J
Abstract
Like other cellular modules, the secretory pathway and the Golgi complex are likely to be supervised by control systems that support homeostasis and optimal functionality under all conditions, including external and internal perturbations. Moreover, the secretory apparatus must be functionally connected with other cellular modules, such as energy metabolism and protein degradation, via specific rules of interaction, or "coordination protocols". These regulatory devices are of fundamental importance for optimal function; however, they are generally "hi...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis.
Authors: Judson MA
Abstract
This manuscript outlines recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis can occasionally be made on clinical grounds without a confirmatory biopsy when very specific clinical findings are present. Otherwise, the diagnosis requires histologic evidence of granulomatous inflammation, exclusion of alternative causes, and evidence of systemic disease. Because there is no available diagnostic test for sarcoidosis, the diagnosis is never completely secure. Instruments have been developed to establish the presence of sarcoidosis in a second o...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Rethinking cardiac metabolism: metabolic cycles to refuel and rebuild the failing heart.
Authors: Taegtmeyer H, Lubrano G
Abstract
The heart is a self-renewing biological pump that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. The entire process of energy conversion is subject to complex regulation at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Within this system, energy transfer occurs with high efficiency, facilitated by a series of compound-conserved cycles. At the same time, the constituent myocardial proteins themselves are continuously made and degraded in order to adjust to changes in energy demand and changes in the extracellular environment. We recently have i...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Mechanical circulatory support in acute cardiogenic shock.
Authors: Khan MH, Corbett BJ, Hollenberg SM
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock complicates about 5% to 8% of all admissions for acute myocardial infarction, and despite advancement in treatment over the past 50 years, mortality remains unacceptably high. Management with vasoactive agents after revascularization can have its limitations and thus mechanical circulatory support is often initiated. Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) are the devices most commonly used worldwide. IABPs appeared to improve mortality when used along with fibrinolytic therapy but may not when used along with percutaneous coronary intervent...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Authors: Oliemy A, Al-Attar N
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation was developed to offer a therapeutic solution to patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not candidates for conventional aortic valve replacement. The improvement in transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcomes is still of concern in the areas of stroke, vascular injury, heart block, paravalvular regurgitation and valve durability. Concomitantly, the progress, both technical and in terms of material advances of transcatheter valve systems, as well as in patient selection, renders transcatheter aortic valve i...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Expanding use of new oral anticoagulants.
This article compares the pharmacological properties of the NOACs with those of warfarin, describes the clinical trial data with the NOACs in the approved indications, outlines the unmet medical needs that the NOACs address, highlights the potential limitations of the NOACs, and provides guidance on the optimal use of the NOACs.
PMID: 25374671 [PubMed] (Source: F1000 Medicine Reports)
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Management of allergic rhinitis.
Authors: Solelhac G, Charpin D
Abstract
In this paper, we review the current management of allergic rhinitis and new directions for future treatment. Currently, management includes pharmacotherapy, allergen avoidance and possibly immunotherapy. The simple washing of nasal cavities using isotonic saline provides a significant improvement and is useful, particularly in children. The most effective medication in persistent rhinitis used singly is topical corticosteroid, which decreases all symptoms, including ocular ones. Antihistamines reduce nasal itch, sneeze and rhinorrhea and can be used orally or topica...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Future therapy of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis - a guess.
Authors: Sauerbruch T, Trebicka J
Abstract
In patients with chronic liver disease, portal hypertension is driven by progressive fibrosis and intrahepatic vasoconstriction. Interruption of the initiating and perpetuating etiology-mostly leading to necroinflammation-is possible for several underlying causes, such as autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and most recently hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thus, in the long run, lifestyle-related liver damage due to chronic alcoholism or morbid obesity will remain the main factor leading to portal hypertension. Both causes are probably more...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
Advances in treating acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: Showel MM, Levis M
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises within the bone marrow from a malignant hematopoietic progenitor cell. Though AML is still often fatal, cure rates overall continue to improve incrementally yet steadily, primarily for two reasons: first, insights into the pathogenesis of AML over the last several decades have led to the development of a relatively sophisticated classification scheme that allows more nuanced risk stratification to guide treatment choices; second, improvements in stem cell transplantation have allowed many more patients to take advantage of this highly...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - December 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research
