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The influence of functional electrical stimulation on hand motor recovery in stroke patients: a review
AbstractNeuromuscular stimulation has been used as one potential rehabilitative treatment option to restore motor function and improve recovery in patients with paresis. Especially stroke patients who often regain only limited hand function would greatly benefit from a therapy that enhances recovery and restores movement. Multiple studies investigated the effect of functional electrical stimulation on hand paresis, the results however are inconsistent. Here we review the current literature on functional electrical stimulation on hand motor recovery in stroke patients. We discuss the impact of different parameters such as s...
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - August 21, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The influence of functional electrical stimulation on hand motor recovery in stroke patients: a review
Abstract Neuromuscular stimulation has been used as one potential rehabilitative treatment option to restore motor function and improve recovery in patients with paresis. Especially stroke patients who often regain only limited hand function would greatly benefit from a therapy that enhances recovery and restores movement. Multiple studies investigated the effect of functional electrical stimulation on hand paresis, the results however are inconsistent. Here we review the current literature on functional electrical stimulation on hand motor recovery in stroke patients. We discuss the impact of different...
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - August 21, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rapamycin up-regulation of autophagy reduces infarct size and improves outcomes in both permanent MCAL, and embolic MCAO, murine models of stroke
ConclusionsWhile both inhibition and enhancement of autophagy by pharmacological intervention decreased lesion size and improved neurological scores, the enhancement with rapamycin showed a greater degree of improvement in outcomes as well as in survival. The protective action seen with chloroquine may be in part due to off-target effects on apoptosis separate from blocking lysosomal activity in autophagy. We conclude pharmacologic induction of autophagy is more advantageous than its blockade in physiologically-relevant permanent and slow reperfusion stroke models. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - June 21, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rapamycin up-regulation of autophagy reduces infarct size and improves outcomes in both permanent MCAL, and embolic MCAO, murine models of stroke
Conclusions While both inhibition and enhancement of autophagy by pharmacological intervention decreased lesion size and improved neurological scores, the enhancement with rapamycin showed a greater degree of improvement in outcomes as well as in survival. The protective action seen with chloroquine may be in part due to off-target effects on apoptosis separate from blocking lysosomal activity in autophagy. We conclude pharmacologic induction of autophagy is more advantageous than its blockade in physiologically-relevant permanent and slow reperfusion stroke models. (Source: Experimental and Translati...
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - June 21, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) provides protection against endothelial cell dysfunction and death in ischemic stroke
ConclusionIVIg protects endothelial cells from ischemic insult. These studies support the use of IVIg as a pharmacological intervention for stroke therapy. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - June 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) provides protection against endothelial cell dysfunction and death in ischemic stroke
Conclusion IVIg protects endothelial cells from ischemic insult. These studies support the use of IVIg as a pharmacological intervention for stroke therapy. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - June 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A microsurgical procedure for middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal monofilament insertion technique in the rat: a special emphasis on the methodology
ConclusionIn this study, a microsurgical guideline of the MCAO model in the rat is provided with the detailed description of all steps of the intraluminal monofilament insertion method with related figures. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - June 6, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A microsurgical procedure for middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal monofilament insertion technique in the rat: a special emphasis on the methodology
Conclusion In this study, a microsurgical guideline of the MCAO model in the rat is provided with the detailed description of all steps of the intraluminal monofilament insertion method with related figures. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - June 6, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Development and characterization of a Yucatan miniature biomedical pig permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model
ConclusionsThe MCAO procedure led to significant and consistent strokes with high survivability. These results suggest that the pig model is potentially a robust system for the study of stroke pathophysiology and potential diagnostics and therapeutics. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - March 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Development and characterization of a Yucatan miniature biomedical pig permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model
Conclusions The MCAO procedure led to significant and consistent strokes with high survivability. These results suggest that the pig model is potentially a robust system for the study of stroke pathophysiology and potential diagnostics and therapeutics. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - March 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Glatiramer acetate does not protect from acute ischemic stroke in mice
ConclusionsGlatiramer acetate failed to protect from acute ischemic stroke in our hands. Further studies are needed to assess the true therapeutic potential of glatiramer acetate and related immunomodulators in brain ischemia. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - February 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Glatiramer acetate does not protect from acute ischemic stroke in mice
Conclusions Glatiramer acetate failed to protect from acute ischemic stroke in our hands. Further studies are needed to assess the true therapeutic potential of glatiramer acetate and related immunomodulators in brain ischemia. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - February 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Forced arm use is superior to voluntary training for motor recovery and brain plasticity after cortical ischemia in rats
Conclusions We show that physical training after photothrombotic stroke significantly and permanently improves functional recovery after stroke, and that forced arm training is clearly superior to voluntary running training. The behavioral outcomes seen correlate with patterns and extent of gene expression changes in all brain areas examined. We propose that physical training induces a fundamental change in plasticity-relevant gene expression in several brain regions that enables recovery processes. These results contribute to the debate on optimal rehabilitation strategies, and provide a valuable sou...
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - February 14, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Analysis of early phase and subsequent phase III stroke studies of neuroprotectants: outcomes and predictors for success
Conclusions More than one third of early phase studies on neuroprotective stroke treatments are false positive. Neither the results nor specific study design characteristics of early phase stroke studies reliably predict success in phase III trials. Further efforts are needed to improve early phase studies regarding its predictability and to identify those early studies that should be advanced to phase III trials. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - February 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravital imaging in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats-a pilot study
Conclusions Contrary to our initial expectations, there was little agreement between intravital 2 PM imaging and histology for the detection of erythrocyte thrombi. Two-photon microscopy is a valuable technique that complements but does not replace the value of conventional histology. (Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine)
Source: Experimental and Translational Stroke Medicine - January 25, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research