Determining the roles of father absence and age at menarche in female psychosocial acceleration
In this study, we use a two-part structural equation model and data from 342 female undergraduates to address two of these questions: First, what is the role of father absence in female psychosocial acceleration, controlling potentially confounding aspects of environment and family structure? Second, to what extent does age at menarche mediate environmental and family structure effects on sexual debut? Findings indicated that many aspects of environment and family structure could be summarized with two factors—socio-economic status (SES) and fragmented family structure. We found that among those who had experienced sexua...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
More than skin deep: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-based attraction among Asian American speed-daters
We examined possible biologically-driven selection for immunology genes, specifically preferences for Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-dissimilarity, through the ecologically-valid method of speed-dating. Two-hundred-and-sixty-two single Asian Americans went on speed-dates (N observations = 2215) with participants of the other sex, making second date offers and rating each other on measures of mate desirability, facial attractiveness, and body scent attractiveness. Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, women, but not men, showed preferences for speed-dating partners based on MHC-complementarity. ...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Women's voice pitch lowers after pregnancy
Publication date: July 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 4Author(s): Katarzyna Pisanski, Kavya Bhardwaj, David RebyAbstractWomen's voice pitch (the perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency, F0) varies across the menstrual cycle and lowers after menopause, and may represent a putative signal of women's fertility and reproductive age. Yet, despite dramatic changes in women's sex hormone levels and bodies during and after pregnancy, previous between-subject and case studies have not found systematic changes in F0 due to pregnancy. Here, we tracked within-individual variation in 20 mothers' voices...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reprint of Hormonal correlates of pathogen disgust: testing the compensatory prophylaxis hypothesis
Publication date: July 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 4Author(s): Benedict C. Jones, Amanda C. Hahn, Claire I. Fisher, Hongyi Wang, Michal Kandrik, Anthony J. Lee, Joshua M. Tybur, Lisa M. DeBruineAbstractRaised progesterone during the menstrual cycle is associated with suppressed physiological immune responses, reducing the probability that the immune system will compromise the blastocyst's development. The Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis proposes that this progesterone-linked immunosuppression triggers increased disgust responses to pathogen cues, compensating for the reduction in physiolo...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Response to “Hormonal Correlates of Pathogen Disgust: Testing the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis”
Publication date: July 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 4Author(s): Diana S. Fleischman, Daniel M.T. Fessler (Source: Evolution and Human Behavior)
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Is there a link between paternity concern and female genital cutting in West Africa?
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2018Source: Evolution and Human BehaviorAuthor(s): Janet A. Howard, Mhairi A. GibsonAbstractHere we explore the relationship between female genital cutting (FGC), sexual behaviour, and marriage opportunities in five West African countries. Using large demographic datasets (n 72,438 women, 12,704 men, 10,695 couples) we explore key (but untested) assumptions of an evolutionary proposal that FGC persists because it provides evolutionary fitness benefits for men by reducing non-paternity rates. We identify and test three assumptions implicit in this proposal. We test whether cut women...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Contemporary parasite stress curvilinearly correlates with outgroup trust: Cross-country evidence from 2005 to 2014
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): Jinguang ZhangAbstractGeneral trust is trust extended to people from outside one's immediate social network. Two studies have tested a parasite stress explanation of general trust using cross-cultural data, showing a linear negative correlation between parasite stress and trust in “most people.” However, recent studies suggest that 1) trust in most people as a measure of general trust confounds ingroup trust and outgroup trust in cross-cultural surveys and 2) parasite stress can curvilinearly correlate with variables of i...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): (Source: Evolution and Human Behavior)
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Correcting for base rates in multidimensional “Who said what?” experiments
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): Alexander BorAbstractThe “Who said what?” protocol is a popular experimental paradigm and has been used for 40 years to study spontaneous mental categorization. This paper offers a crucial methodological improvement to calculate unbiased estimates in multidimensional “Who said what?” studies. Previous studies predominantly corrected for base rates by first correcting the base rates and consequently aggregating errors for the two dimensions separately. The paper demonstrates that this procedure's estimates are biased...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A reanalysis of crossed-dimension “Who Said What?” paradigm studies, using a better error base-rate correction
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): David PietraszewskiAbstractCognitive and evolutionarily-minded researchers have increasingly adopted the “Who Said What?” memory-confusion paradigm, a powerful and sensitive paradigm originating from social psychology which allows researchers to unobtrusively measure social categorization. The paradigm has been particularly important over the past two decades for arbitrating between different functionalist hypotheses about the evolved social mind. Bor (2018) has pointed out, however, that the simple arithmetic base-rate c...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The cognitive and cultural foundations of moral behavior
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Anne C. Pisor, Coren Apicella, Quentin Atkinson, Emma Cohen, Joseph Henrich, Richard McElreath, Rita A. McNamara, Ara Norenzayan, Aiyana K. Willard, Dimitris XygalatasAbstractDoes moral culture contribute to the evolution of cooperation? Here, we examine individuals' and communities' models of what it means to be good and bad and how they correspond to corollary behavior across a variety of socioecological contexts. Our sample includes over 600 people from eight different field sites that include fora...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Societal background influences social learning in cooperative decision making
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): Lucas Molleman, Simon GächterAbstractHumans owe their ecological success to their great capacities for social learning and cooperation: learning from others helps individuals adjust to their environment and can promote cooperation in groups. Classic and recent studies indicate that the cultural organization of societies shapes the influence of social information on decision making and suggest that collectivist values (prioritizing the group relative to the individual) increase tendencies to conform to the majority. However, ...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Collaborative and competitive motivations uniquely impact infants' racial categorization
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): Matar Ferera, Andrew Scott Baron, Gil DiesendruckAbstractHuman history has been plagued by violent inter-group conflicts. Such conflicts are arguably grounded on group biases – particularly, a tendency to favor “ingroups” over “outgroups” – manifested in adults, children, and infants. A question these findings prompt is what motivates social categorization? Here it is shown that priming 14-month-old infants (N = 144) with collaborative or competitive interactions affects their capacity to form racial categorie...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The financial cost of status signaling: Expansive postural displays are associated with a reduction in the receipt of altruistic donations
We examined the impact of a nonverbal display (expansive posture) that, by signaling high status, simultaneously cues both low need and high competence, on actual altruistic behaviors: donations of financial aid to needy individuals. Across three studies using ecologically valid data drawn from a micro-lending charity website, men who displayed expansive posture while requesting aid faced a substantial reduction in the amount of aid they received; this effect held controlling for a range of relevant covariates. These findings demonstrate that: (a) altruists bias their giving toward those in greater need rather those who ma...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Friends without benefits: When we react negatively to helpful and generous friends
Publication date: September 2018Source: Evolution and Human Behavior, Volume 39, Issue 5Author(s): Anam Barakzai, Alex ShawAbstractBeing able to identify reliable friends and allies is key to surviving and thriving in the social world. Many cooperative accounts of friendship argue that people select friends based on how helpful and generous they are. While people certainly like helpful and generous others, here we explore a context in which people might respond negatively to a friend being prosocial: When one's friend is more helpful or generous toward another friend. We argue that such preferential prosociality prompts ne...
Source: Evolution and Human Behavior - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
