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Gender aspects in patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries
Abstract A substantial proportion of patients investigated for anginal symptoms do not have obstructive coronary artery disease upon diagnostic coronary angiography. These patients are significantly more often female than male and many of them have a dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation as the underlying cause for their symptoms. In this article, we describe gender aspects in clinical conditions with angina despite unobstructed coronary arteries. Moreover, we try to give answers as to why microvascular dysfunction is more prevalent among women than men. (Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements)
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Genderspezifische Aspekte in der Sekundärprävention der koronaren Herzerkrankung
Zusammenfassung Der Faktor „Gender“ beinhaltet mindestens drei unterschiedliche Aspekte: biologische, psychosoziale (Lebenslagen) und Kohorteneffekte. Frauen und Männer unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich aller drei Bereiche. In dem Beitrag werden aktuelle Ergebnisse zu genderspezifischen Aspekten (z. B. Barrieren für körperliches Training, Belastungen und Krankheitsverarbeitung, Rehaziele und Präferenzen) der Sekundärprävention und Rehabilitation der koronaren Herzkrankheit in knapper Form dargestellt. Eine besondere Frage betrifft die Effekte von Programmen zur Sekundärprävention speziell fü...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Medikamentöse Therapie bei Frauen – Was gilt es zu beachten?
Zusammenfassung Frauen und Männer unterscheiden sich in ihren Reaktionen gegenüber Medikamenten. Geschlechtsabhängige pharmakokinetische Unterschiede betreffen vorwiegend die Metabolisierungsgeschwindigkeit und Verteilung von Arzneistoffen, meist sind die Plasmaspiegel bei Frauen höher als bei Männern. Das Risiko für Frauen, unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen zu erleiden, ist signifikant größer als für Männer. Die Geschlechtsabhängigkeit der medikamentösen Therapie hat vielerlei Gründe, sie weist deutlich auf die Notwendigkeit hin, dass die biologischen Unterschiede zwischen Männern und F...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Der feine Unterschied – Genderspezifische Aspekte psychosozialer Risikofaktoren und Interventionen bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit
Zusammenfassung In den vergangenen 20 Jahren hat die Sensibilität für genderspezifische Aspekte in der Erforschung von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren und Interventionen bei KHK deutlich zugenommen. Die vorliegende Übersicht zeigt, dass die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei den psychosozialen Risikofaktoren gering, aber bedeutsam sind. Psychosoziale Interventionen sind geeignet, Belastungen zu lindern. Bisher ist jedoch nicht eindeutig nachgewiesen, ob sie auch die KHK selbst und die Mortalität beeinflussen. (Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements)
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Risk-treatment paradox in women with symptomatic coronary artery disease
Abstract The implementation of evidence-based treatment including diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures has resulted in a reduction in the mortality attributable to coronary artery disease (CAD) despite the fact that patients at high risk are less likely to have access to it. Women in particular are up to 30 % less likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following presentation with an acute coronary syndrome than men. This risk-treatment paradox for women is partially related to their older age, greater likelihood of comorbidities, and later presentation after symptom onset...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Editorial
(Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements)
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Sex differences and sex hormone effects in long-QT syndrome: what can we learn from rabbit models?
Abstract Patients with inherited long-QT syndrome (LQTS) exhibit pronounced sex differences in cardiac repolarization and in the incidence of arrhythmias: Adult women have longer QT intervals and a higher risk to develop potentially lethal torsade-de-pointes (TdP) ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death (SCD) than men. Rabbit models exhibit similar sex differences with longer QT intervals and a higher propensity to additional drug-induced QT prolongation and drug-induced TdP in females. Since rabbits also have similar cardiac repolarizing currents as human subjects, they provide a useful system...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Genes and hormones: sex differences in myocardial hypertrophy
Abstract Female hearts develop a more favorable physiological form of myocardial remodeling when subjected to pressure or volume overload than male hearts involving the synergistic activity of several cellular-based protective pathways induced by estrogen signaling via estrogen receptors (ERs), influencing mitochondrial function, and myocardial energy metabolism. In contrast, testosterone induces matrix remodeling and growth factor signaling via androgen receptors (AR) and contributes to eccentric remodeling. This review focuses on sex differences in ventricular morphology and function and in myocardial...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Gender and the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation: impact of old and new anticoagulation regimens
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Thromboembolic events related to AF result in significant morbidity and mortality. An individual’s risk of thromboembolism in the setting of AF varies significantly based on clinical and demographic characteristics. The risk of stroke appears to be greater among women with AF than men. Warfarin provides sufficient protection against stroke, but does not eliminate gender differences in stroke rates. New oral anticoagulants demonstrated similar or superior efficacy compared to warfarin; however rates of stroke in women on new age...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Editorial
(Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements)
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - April 1, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Genderspezifische Aspekte in der Sekund ärprävention der koronaren Herzerkrankung
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Zusammenfassung < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Der Faktor „Gender“ beinhaltet mindestens drei unterschiedliche Aspekte: biologische, psychosoziale (Lebenslagen) und Kohorteneffekte. Frauen und Männer unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich aller drei Bereiche. In dem Beitrag werden aktuelle Ergebnisse zu genderspezifischen Aspekten (z. B. Barrieren für kör perliches Training, Belastungen und Krankheitsverarbeitung, Rehaziele und Präferenzen) der Sekundärprävention und Rehabilitation der koronaren Herzkrankheit in knapper Form dargestellt. Eine besondere Frage betrifft die Effekte von ...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - March 31, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Medikament öse Therapie bei Frauen – Was gilt es zu beachten?
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Zusammenfassung < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Frauen und M änner unterscheiden sich in ihren Reaktionen gegenüber Medikamenten. Geschlechtsabhängige pharmakokinetische Unterschiede betreffen vorwiegend die Metabolisierungsgeschwindigkeit und Verteilung von Arzneistoffen, meist sind die Plasmaspiegel bei Frauen höher als bei Männern. Das Risiko für Fra uen, unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen zu erleiden, ist signifikant größer als für Männer. Die Geschlechtsabhängigkeit der medikamentösen Therapie hat vielerlei Gründe, sie weist deutlich auf die Notwendigkeit hin, dass die ...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - March 31, 2013 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Pharmacogenetic aspects in familial hypercholesterolemia with the special focus on FH Marburg (FH p.W556R)
Conclusions The LDLR mutation p.W556R is a frequent and severe class II defect for FH. The affected homozygote FH patients have a total loss of the functional LDLR and—as expected—do not respond on statin therapy and require LDL apheresis. In contrast, heterozygote FH patients with the same LDLR defect respond exceedingly well to standard lipid-lowering therapy, illustrating that the knowledge of the primary LDLR defect enables us to foresee the expected drug effects. (Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements)
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - June 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Role of lipid apheresis in changing times
Abstract During the last decades, LDL-apheresis was established as an extracorporeal treatment option for patients with severe heterozygous or homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that is resistant to conventional treatment strategies such as diet, drugs, and changes in lifestyle. Nearly half a century ago, the first LDL-apheresis treatment was performed by plasma exchange in a child with homozygous FH. At the beginning of the 1970s, the clinical advantage of regular extracorporeal LDL-elimination was demonstrated in siblings suffering from homozygous FH. These findings enco...
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - June 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

HELP apheresis in hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease: efficacy and adverse events after 8,500 procedures
Conclusion HELP is a safe, comfortable, and highly effective treatment in which adverse events are rare. It can reduce the burden of atherosclerosis, with no myocardial infarction and a low coronary intervention rate in our patients. (Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements)
Source: Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements - June 1, 2012 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research