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Toward a theory of business
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Thomas Donaldson, James P. Walsh What is the purpose of business? While most agree that business minimally involves the creation of value, a blurred double image of value haunts our discussion of purpose. The image of what counts as value for a single firm is laid atop an image of what counts as value for business in general. These two images cannot match. Indeed, the resulting conceptual blurriness is a classic example of a composition fallacy. We should never mistake the properties of a part for the propertie...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

When, why, and how do powerholders “feel the power”? Examining the links between structural and psychological power and reviving the connection between power and responsibility
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Leigh Plunkett Tost Recent research in social psychology has examined how psychological power affects organizational behaviors. Given that power in organizations is generally viewed as a structural construct, I examine the links between structural and psychological power and explore how their interrelationships affect organizational behavior. I argue that psychological power takes two forms: the (nonconscious) cognitive network for power and the conscious sense of power. Based on this view, I identify two causal ...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 20, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Intergenerational resource tensions in the workplace and beyond: Individual, interpersonal, institutional, international
We describe the specific risk factors for such tensions, highlighting the presence of generational boundaries at multiple levels: (a) individual, (b) interpersonal, (c) institutional, and (d) international. Drawing from our own work and relevant management literature, we then identify three broad domains within which intergenerational tensions are particularly salient at each of these levels: active Succession tensions over enviable resources and influence (e.g., employment), passive Consumption tensions over shared asset usage (e.g., healthcare) and symbolic Identity tensions over figurative space (e.g., cultural fit) (SC...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - October 24, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A pawn in someone else's game?: The cognitive, motivational, and paradigmatic barriers to women's excelling in negotiation
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Jessica A. Kennedy, Laura J. Kray Women's relatively worse performance in negotiation is often cited as an explanation for gender differences in advancement and pay within organizations. We review key findings from the past twenty years of research on gender differences in negotiation. Women do underperform relative to men in negotiation, but only under limited circumstances, which means the performance gap is unlikely due to lesser skills on their part. The barriers between women and negotiation excellence are ...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - October 24, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Racism and discrimination versus advantage and favoritism: Bias for versus bias against
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Nancy DiTomaso Almost all academic literature across disciplines and most of the news media explain racial inequality as the result of the discrimination and racism of whites toward nonwhites. In contrast, I argue that it is the favoritism or advantages that whites provide to other whites that is the primary mechanism by which racial inequality is reproduced in the post-civil rights period in the U.S. I provide evidence for my argument with data at the individual, organizational, and societal levels. I also discus...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - October 22, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

How to motivate yourself and others? Intended and unintended consequences
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Juliana Schroeder, Ayelet Fishbach To achieve goals, individuals and organizations must understand how to effectively motivate themselves and others. We review three broad strategies that people employ to increase motivation: giving feedback, setting goal targets, and applying incentives. Although each of these strategies can effectively motivate action under certain circumstances and among certain people, they can also result in unintended consequences: not helping or even hurting motivation. For example, emplo...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - October 20, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Riding the Fifth Wave: Organizational Justice as Dependent Variable
Publication date: Available online 25 August 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Joel Brockner, Batia M. Wiesenfeld, Phyllis A. Siegel, D. Ramona Bobocel, Zhi Liu This chapter calls attention to a paradigmatic shift in the organizational justice literature, in which fairness serves as the dependent rather than independent variable. Drawing on two taxonomic dimensions, we structure approaches to studying fairness as a consequence rather than as a cause. One dimension refers to the focal party whose reactions are being examined (the actor, the recipient, and the observer) whereas the othe...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - August 25, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The high cost of low wages: Economic scarcity effects in organizations
Publication date: Available online 24 August 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Jirs Meuris, Carrie R. Leana Due to current economic circumstances (e.g., stagnating wages, increasing material aspirations, mounting student debt), an increasing number of employees are prone to experiencing economic scarcity, defined here as the perception that one has fewer financial resources than one's needs require. In this paper, we focus primarily on an under-studied population in the organizational sciences: The working poor—employees who hold jobs but do not earn enough to sustain a reasonable standar...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - August 24, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2015 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Gillian Ku, Cynthia S. Wang, Adam D. Galinsky Successful managers and leaders need to effectively navigate their organizational worlds, from motivating customers and employees to managing diversity to preventing and resolving conflicts. Perspective-taking is a psychological process that is particularly relevant to each of these activities. The current review critically examines perspective-taking research conducted by both management scholars and social psychologists and specifies perspective-taking's anteceden...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - August 16, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Image is everything
Publication date: 2014 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior, Volume 34 Author(s): Dennis A. Gioia, Aimee L. Hamilton, Shubha D. Patvardhan We develop the notion of image as a “covering concept,” one that subsumes several major ideas in organization study. We draw on a number of literatures, including social psychology, marketing/branding, political science and organization studies, to make the case that “image is everything.” We consider not only the pervasiveness of image, but also the power of image including its transformational potential for altering the character of even our most fundamental co...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - July 16, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

When in Rome: Intercultural learning and implications for training
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2014 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Michael W. Morris , Krishna Savani , Shira Mor , Jaee Cho Learning requires acquiring and using knowledge. How do individuals acquire knowledge of another culture? How do they use this knowledge in order to operate proficiently in a new cultural setting? What kinds of training would foster intercultural learning? These questions have been addressed in many literatures of applied and basic research, featuring disparate concepts, methods and measures. In this paper, we review the insights from these different lit...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 21, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

People perception: Social vision of groups and consequences for organizing and interacting
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2014 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): L. Taylor Phillips , Max Weisbuch , Nalini Ambady An enormous amount of research on person perception exists. This literature documents how people form impressions of one another and how these impressions influence behavior. However, this literature surprisingly has not been extended to people perception—how people visually perceive and judge groups (e.g., teams, classrooms, boards, crowds) rather than individuals. We propose a model of people perception processes, including three stages of Selection, Extracti...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 21, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Morality rebooted: Exploring simple fixes to our moral bugs
Publication date: Available online 4 November 2014 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Ting Zhang , Francesca Gino , Max H. Bazerman Ethics research developed partly in response to calls from organizations to understand and solve unethical behavior. We examine two approaches to mitigating unethical behavior: (1) values-oriented approaches that broadly appeal to individuals’ preferences to be more moral, and (2) structure-oriented approaches that redesign specific incentives, tasks, and decisions to reduce temptations to cheat in the environment. This paper explores how these approaches can change...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 14, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Punctuated incongruity: A new approach to managing trade-offs between conformity and deviation
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2014 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior Author(s): Shefali V. Patil , Philip E. Tetlock Micro and macro scholars alike have long warned about “incongruent” work environments that sow confusion by sending inconsistent normative signals to employees. We argue that these warnings rest on the debatable assumption that employees do not have cognitive bandwidth and emotional resilience to do more than single-mindedly pursue internally consistent goals. Challenging this assumption, we argue that employees in today's complex knowledge economies often face tasks that r...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 14, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Why do IQ scores predict job performance? An alternative, sociological explanation
Publication date: 2010 Source:Research in Organizational Behavior, Volume 30 Author(s): Eliza Byington , Will Felps During the past century, IQ testing has become a pervasive tool for allocating scarce resources in the United States and beyond. IQ-reflective tests are used in primary and secondary schools to sort students into groups, and by universities and employers to select between applicants. Drawing on several sociological literatures (i.e. the diffusion of institutions, social stratification, and self-fulfilling dynamics), we argue that the current applications of IQ-reflective tests allow individuals with hig...
Source: Research in Organizational Behavior - November 3, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research