The geometry of cutting and shuffling: An outline of possibilities for piecewise isometries
Publication date: Available online 28 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Lachlan D. Smith, Paul B. Umbanhowar, Richard M. Lueptow, Julio M. OttinoAbstractCutting and shuffling is emerging as an alternative mixing mechanism for fluids and granular matter beyond the well established stretching and folding. Dynamical systems and chaos theory provided a foundation for stretching and folding which has led to applications ranging from microfluidic devices and physiological scales to many engineering and Earth science scales. Likewise, the literature of piecewise isometries (PWIs) provides a similar grounding for cutt...
Source: Physics Reports - March 1, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Pileup mitigation at the LHC: A theorist’s view
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Grégory SoyezAbstractTo maximise the potential for new measurements and discoveries at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the machine delivers as high as possible collision rates. As a direct consequence, multiple proton–proton collisions occur whenever two bunches of protons cross. Interesting high-energy (hard) collisions are therefore contaminated by several soft, zero-bias, ones. This effect, known as pileup, pollutes the final state of the collision. It complicates the reconstruction of the objects in this final state, resulting...
Source: Physics Reports - February 27, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
10 years of pioneering X-ray science at the Free-Electron Laser FLASH at DESY
Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Jörg Rossbach, Jochen R. Schneider, Wilfried WurthAbstractFree-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the characteristic atomic motions. In pulses of about 50 femtoseconds duration they provide as many photons as one gets in 1 s from modern storage ring synchrotron radiation facilities. FLASH, the Free-Electron Laser at DESY in Hamburg was the first FEL in the XUV/soft X-ray spectral range, started operation as a ...
Source: Physics Reports - February 23, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Applied nuclear physics at the new high-energy particle accelerator facilities
Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Marco Durante, Alexander Golubev, Woo-Yoon Park, Christina TrautmannAbstractApplied nuclear physics is an essential part of the research activity at many particle accelerators. New, large accelerator facilities are currently under construction in Europe, Asia, and USA. These machines will be able to produce radioactive ion beams, and to increase the intensity and the energy of the heavy ions well beyond the limits currently available at the therapy or research facilities. The upcoming facilities open new opportunities for research in biome...
Source: Physics Reports - February 23, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
A primer on resurgent transseries and their asymptotics
Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Inês Aniceto, Gökçe Başar, Ricardo SchiappaAbstractThe computation of observables in general interacting theories, be them quantum mechanical, field, gauge or string theories, is a non-trivial problem which in many cases can only be addressed by resorting to perturbative methods. In most physically interesting problems these perturbative expansions result in asymptotic series with zero radius of convergence. These asymptotic series then require the use of resurgence and transseries in order for the associated observables to become nonp...
Source: Physics Reports - February 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: 3 March 2019Source: Physics Reports, Volume 794Author(s): (Source: Physics Reports)
Source: Physics Reports - February 17, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
The degree of fine-tuning in our universe–and others
Publication date: Available online 15 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Fred C. AdamsAbstractBoth the fundamental constants that describe the laws of physics and the cosmological parameters that determine the properties of our universe must fall within a range of values in order for the cosmos to develop astrophysical structures and ultimately support life. This paper reviews the current constraints on these quantities. The discussion starts with an assessment of the parameters that are allowed to vary. The standard model of particle physics contains both coupling constants (α,αs,αw) and particle masses (mu...
Source: Physics Reports - February 16, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Evaporation of a Droplet: From physics to applications
Publication date: Available online 15 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Duyang Zang, Sujata Tarafdar, Yuri Yu. Tarasevich, Moutushi Dutta Choudhury, Tapati DuttaAbstractEvaporation of a drop, though a simple everyday observation, provides a fascinating subject for study. Various issues interact here, such as dynamics of the contact line, evaporation-induced phase transitions, and formation of patterns. The explanation of the rich variety of patterns formed is not only an academic challenge, but also a problem of practical importance, as applications are growing in medical diagnosis and improvement of coating/p...
Source: Physics Reports - February 16, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: 23 February 2019Source: Physics Reports, Volume 792Author(s): (Source: Physics Reports)
Source: Physics Reports - February 16, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: 27 February 2019Source: Physics Reports, Volume 793Author(s): (Source: Physics Reports)
Source: Physics Reports - February 16, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
One-body reduced density-matrix functional theory in finite basis sets at elevated temperatures
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Klaas J.H. Giesbertz, Michael RuggenthalerAbstractIn this review we provide a rigorous and self-contained presentation of one-body reduced density-matrix (1RDM) functional theory. We do so for the case of a finite basis set, where density-functional theory (DFT) implicitly becomes a 1RDM functional theory. To avoid non-uniqueness issues we consider the case of fermionic and bosonic systems at elevated temperature and variable particle number, i.e, a grand-canonical ensemble. For the fermionic case the Fock space is finite-dimensional due t...
Source: Physics Reports - February 13, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Pileup mitigation at the LHC A theorist’s view
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Grégory SoyezAbstractTo maximise the potential for new measurements and discoveries at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the machine delivers as high as possible collision rates. As a direct consequence, multiple proton–proton collisions occur whenever two bunches of protons cross. Interesting high-energy (hard) collisions are therefore contaminated by several soft, zero-bias, ones. This effect, known as pileup, pollutes the final state of the collision. It complicates the reconstruction of the objects in this final state, resulting...
Source: Physics Reports - February 10, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
The planet nine hypothesis
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019Source: Physics ReportsAuthor(s): Konstantin Batygin, Fred C. Adams, Michael E. Brown, Juliette C. BeckerAbstractOver the course of the past two decades, observational surveys have unveiled the intricate orbital structure of the Kuiper Belt, a field of icy bodies orbiting the Sun beyond Neptune. In addition to a host of readily-predictable orbital behavior, the emerging census of trans-Neptunian objects displays dynamical phenomena that cannot be accounted for by interactions with the known eight-planet solar system alone. Specifically, explanations for the observed physic...
Source: Physics Reports - February 10, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: 3 February 2019Source: Physics Reports, Volume 790Author(s): (Source: Physics Reports)
Source: Physics Reports - February 9, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: 13 February 2019Source: Physics Reports, Volume 791Author(s): (Source: Physics Reports)
Source: Physics Reports - February 9, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research
