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Effect of calcium on the elasticity of majoritic garnets and the seismic gradients in the mantle transition zone
Publication date: Available online 21 June 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Carmen Sanchez-Valle, Jingyun Wang, Arno RorhbachAbstractBrillouin scattering spectroscopy was applied to investigate the effect of calcium on the single-crystal elasticity of majorite garnet, Mj42Py50.5Gr7.5, up to 25 GPa, spanning the conditions of the mantle transition zone. The adiabatic bulk and shear moduli, and their pressure derivatives are Ks = 159(2) GPa, μ = 87(1) GPa, KS′ = 4.3(2) and μ′ = 1.2(1). Calcium substitution has a small but resolvable effect on the elasticity of the maj...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Upper mantle temperature structure of the North China Craton
Publication date: Available online 22 June 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Dong Yan, You Tian, Dapeng Zhao, Cai Liu, Hongxiang Zhu, Honghao LiAbstractWe investigate three-dimensional (3-D) temperature distribution of the upper mantle at depths of 50–200 km beneath the North China Craton (NCC) and surrounding areas using high-resolution P- and S-wave velocity models as well as mineral physics and geothermal data and methods. The thickness of thermal lithosphere is also estimated assuming its bottom has a mantle adiabatic temperature of 1300 °C. Our results show that the study area e...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Mechanical coupling of motions between the surface plate and the lower mantle slab: Effects of viscosity hill, yield strength, and depth-dependent thermal expansivity
Publication date: Available online 22 June 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Takeo Kaneko, Tomoeki Nakakuki, Hikaru IwamoriAbstractSinking rates of the subducted lithosphere in the Earth's lower mantle inferred from seismic tomography images indicate much lower rates than that of the observed subducting surface plate motion. This implies that the surface plate motion is independent of descending flow in the deep mantle. Seeking to understand the mechanical coupling of the slab penetrating into the deepest mantle with the surface plate motion, we performed numerical modeling of the subductin...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Lithosphere and shallow asthenosphere rheology from observations of post-earthquake relaxation
Publication date: Available online 19 June 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Fred F. PollitzAbstractIn tectonically active regions, post-earthquake motions are generally shaped by a combination of continued fault slippage (afterslip) on a timescale of days to months and viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle on a timescale of days to years. Transient crustal motions have been observed following numerous magnitude>~7 earthquakes in various tectonic settings: continental rift zones (Basin and Range), continental plate boundary zones (San Andreas fault corridor; Alaska; Tu...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 19, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Effect of water on the dislocation mobility in garnet: Evidence from the Shuanghe UHP eclogites, Dabie orogen, China
Publication date: Available online 4 June 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Zhanjun Xie, Xiangwen Liu, Zhenmin JinAbstractTo better understand the effect of water on the plasticity of garnet, the water content and dislocation structures in 10 deformed garnet grains from 8 ultrahigh pressure (UHP) eclogite samples collected at Shuanghe, Dabie orogen, China, were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR results show that the mean water content in these garnet grains range from 66 to 2256 wt. ppm H2O. The TEM observatio...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 5, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Tectono-magmatic characteristics of post-collisional magmatism: Case study East Carpathians, Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita volcanic range
Publication date: Available online 4 June 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Ioan Seghedi, Viorel Mirea, Răzvan-Gabriel Popa, Alexandru Szakács, INSTEC geophysical teamAbstractThis work provides a comprehensive GIS mapping integrated with geological and geophysical data (magnetic and gravimetric) to reveal the interplay between (i) magmatism and volcanic activity, (ii) intra-mountain basin development and (iii) large-scale faulting/tectonic features in the post-collisional setting of the East Carpathians. The geological, geophysical and tectonic data of the Călimani-Gurghiu-Harghita range...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 5, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: July 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 292Author(s): (Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors)
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - June 3, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

High pressure thermoelasticity and sound velocities of Fe-Ni-Si alloys
Publication date: Available online 29 May 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Rachel A. Morrison, Jennifer M. Jackson, Wolfgang Sturhahn, Jiyong Zhao, Thomas S. ToellnerAbstractThe Earth's iron-dominant core is known to contain nickel from cosmochemical analysis and some amount of light elements from geophysical constraints on density and seismic wave velocities. Although there have been several studies to constrain thermoelastic properties of iron-alloys, there has been no systematic study on the effects of nickel and light elements on properties of iron using the same experimental methods a...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 30, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

P and S wave travel time tomography of the SE Asia-Australia collision zone
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Aristides Zenonos, Luca De Siena, Sri Widiyantoro, Nicholas RawlinsonAbstractThe southeast (SE) Asia - Australia collision zone is one of the most tectonically active and seismogenic regions in the world. Here, we present new 3-D P- and S-wave velocity models of the crust and upper mantle by applying regional earthquake travel-time tomography to global catalogue data. We first re-locate earthquakes provided by the standard ISC-Reviewed and ISC-EHB catalogues using a non-linear oct-tree scheme. A machine learning alg...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 24, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Crustal structure beneath Northeast China from ambient noise tomography
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Yu Yang, Jianshe Lei, Yinshuang Ai, Guangwei Zhang, Changqing Sun, Enbo Fan, Long Li, Qi Mi, Mingwen Lu, Jing He, Jian Wang, Mofei Du, Bing Zhang, Fanfan Tian, Chen Ma, Zemin LiuAbstractTo investigate the deep origin of Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in Northeast (NE) China, especially the Wudalianchi volcanism, a new 3-D S-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle is constructed through ambient noise tomography. Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves of 5–40 s periods are collected from seism...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 24, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Linear and nonlinear earthquake location approaches in a case study overview
This study's main objectives were: (i) to carry out a comparative examination of the error estimates in both techniques and (ii) to generalize location assessment of the permanent low-density regional network in Central Alborz. The regional network operates under Iranian Seismological Center and its seismic data are massively applied. To reach the research goals, the dataset–method correlation matrix and the location variables were statistically processed. It was shown that the estimated earthquake epicenters by the linear and nonlinear methods are approximately similar for well-located events in each network. For dense-...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics: Sensitivity to viscosities within the lithosphere, asthenosphere, transition zone, and D" layers
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Xinguo Wang, William E. Holt, Attreyee GhoshAbstractAlthough mantle rheology is one of the most important properties of the Earth, how a radial mantle viscosity structure affects lithosphere dynamics is still poorly known, particularly the role of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, transition zone, and D" layer viscosities. Using constraints from the geoid, plate motions, and strain rates within plate boundary zones, we provide important new refinements to the radial viscosity profile within the key layers of the litho...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

An improved 1-D crustal velocity model for the Central Alborz (Iran) using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm
We present an improved 1-D velocity model of the crust in the Central Alborz region using one of the powerful methods in global optimization techniques named Fuzzy Self-Tuning Particle Swarm Optimization (hereafter called FST-PSO). The FST-PSO generates random particles (velocity models) in a pre-defined solution space in which after number of iterations they lead to a model that yields best fits to the data. The ability of using any error statistics equally leads the algorithm to be independent of the velocity model form. As the PSO family members use only random processes to generate new models, they are inherently stabl...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 22, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Deep learning for seismic phase detection and picking in the aftershock zone of 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake
Publication date: Available online 17 May 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsAuthor(s): Lijun Zhu, Zhigang Peng, James McClellan, Chenyu Li, DongDong Yao, Zefeng Li, Lihua FangAbstractThe increasing volume of seismic data from long-term continuous monitoring motivates the development of algorithms based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for faster and more reliable phase detection and picking. However, many less studied regions lack a significant amount of labeled events needed for traditional CNN approaches. In this paper, we present a CNN-based Phase-Identification Classifier (CPIC) designed for ...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 18, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research

A new continuum model of the incoherent interface compared with growth of a spinel rim on an olivine grain
Publication date: July 2019Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 292Author(s): S.J.S. MorrisAbstractIn a polymorphic change in which the phases differ only by a reversible difference in specific volume, kinematics requires a unit mass to suffer deviatoric strain in the instant it is transformed. Unlike the Eshelby stress–free strain, this strain is a property of the motion. Its existence must be considered when formulating the constitutive relation for the product of an incoherent transformation. To show this, two models are compared: in both, the (Nabarro) condition of vanishing shear stress is im...
Source: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors - May 18, 2019 Category: Physics Source Type: research