Frequentist and Bayesian inference: A conceptual primer
The objective of this paper is to describe some of the most prominent issues plaguing frequentist inference, including NHST. In addition, some Bayesian benefits are introduced to show that it offers solutions to several problems inherent in frequentist statistics. The overall aim is to provide a non-threatening, conceptual overview of these concerns. The hope is that this will facilitate greater awareness and understanding of the need to address these matters in empirical psychology. (Source: New Ideas in Psychology)
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Epineuromics: Implications for development
Publication date: Available online 20 June 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology Author(s): Jonathan D. Moreno, Jay Schulkin We note a curious absence in the nomenclature of neuroscience. In neuroscience, neuromics is the study of the totality of neurons in an organism. But the nervous system cannot be fully understood without an account of its interactions with influences that are independent of it. The term we recommend, epineuromics, highlights the continuity and permeability of neural changes within the larger environment. Epineuromics captures the appreciation that the brain is labile but constrained, that it is par...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - June 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The fundamental needs underlying social representations
Publication date: December 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 51 Author(s): Eric Bonetto, Grégory Lo Monaco Some theories dealing with the social construction of reality refer to epistemic and affiliative needs. These latter are considered as two fundamental human motives underlying such construction processes. The Social Representations Theory refers instead to more specific functions. Yet, the literature provides numerous evidences of the fulfillment of these two core needs by social representations. The present contribution exposes some of these evidences in order to show the anchoring of the Social Repres...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Did humans evolve to innovate with a social rather than technical orientation?
Publication date: December 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 51 Author(s): William von Hippel, Thomas Suddendorf The quality and frequency of human technical innovation differentiates us from all other species, and has played a primary role in creating the cognitive niche that we occupy. Yet, despite the centrality of technical innovation to human culture and our daily lives, most people rarely if ever innovate new products. To address this discrepancy we consider our evolutionary history, and how it might have created a species whose members are both highly innovative and highly unlikely to invent new produc...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - June 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Components of cultural complexity relating to emotions: A conceptual framework
Publication date: December 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 51 Author(s): Radek Trnka, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Peter Tavel Many cultural variations in emotions have been documented in previous research, but a general theoretical framework involving cultural sources of these variations is still missing. The main goal of the present study was to determine what components of cultural complexity interact with the emotional experience and behavior of individuals. The proposed framework conceptually distinguishes five main components of cultural complexity relating to emotions: 1) emotion language, 2) concept...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - June 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Towards an ecological approach to emotions and the individual differences therein
Publication date: December 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 51 Author(s): Rob Withagen In the present paper, I aim to develop a Gibsonian approach to our emotional responses to the environment. To that end, the relationships between affordances, emotions, and information will be explored. After laying out Gibson's original concept of affordances as possibilities for action, I sketch a recent view that holds that affordances often invite or solicit actions. It is argued that Dewey's theory of emotions is a natural ally of this concept of inviting affordances. Focusing on the emotions of fear and anger, I will ...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - May 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
On the bifurcation of temperamental shyness: Development, adaptation, and neoteny
Publication date: Available online 3 May 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology Author(s): Louis A. Schmidt, Kristie L. Poole In the present paper, the authors use Tinbergen's (1963) seminal four question framework regarding ontogeny, causation, function, and phylogeny to understand individual differences in human shyness. We argue that there are at least two shyness subtypes, an early appearing fearful shyness, and a later emerging self-conscious shyness (Buss, 1986) that develop into avoidant and conflicted shyness, respectively, in early childhood and remain relatively stable into adulthood. We proffer that each shynes...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - May 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The relationship of psychological construals with well-being
Publication date: December 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 51 Author(s): Peter Horvath This paper examines the relationships of construals of the properties of psychological distance dimensions with well-being. Construal-Level-Theory (CLT) has identified space, time, social distance, and hypotheticality as psychological distance dimensions. Close objects are construed, or mentally represented, in terms of low-level features. These are concrete, specific, unstructured, and contextualized representations. Distant objects are construed in terms of high-level features. These are abstract, global, coherent, and d...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - May 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Culture and shyness in childhood and adolescence
Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology Author(s): Xinyin Chen Shyness refers to anxious reactivity in challenging social situations. Whereas shyness is believed to be biologically rooted, individual socialization experiences play a role in shaping its development. In this paper, I discuss issues related to culture, different forms of shyness, and adjustment. Cultural beliefs and values, particularly those related to socialization goals, are reflected in adults' and peers' attitudes toward children's shy behavior, which ascribe meaning to the behavior and, at the same time, regulate ...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - May 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Personality development among Indigenous youth in Canada: Weaving together universal and community-specific perspectives
Publication date: Available online 3 May 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology Author(s): Jacob A. Burack, Erin Gurr, Emily Stubbert, Vanessa Weva In trying to cobble together a mosaic of information to better understand the disparate and complex issues affecting personality development of the Indigenous youth of Canada, we highlight the need for multiple perspectives. We suggest that pertinent theories from academic psychology, especially those of sociocultural theory and social identity theory, are useful in framing evidence relevant to understanding personality development among Indigenous youth in Canada, but also ...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - May 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Defining embodied cognition: The problem of situatedness
This article focuses on the notion of situatedness, developing the discussion from the point of view of a computational modeler and roboticist, showing that minor and negligible differences on the definition of the field causes major operational divergences in synthetic models of cognition. A definition of two notions of situatedness are developed a posteriori, that is, by considering epistemological and ontological differences on artificial models. Finally, strengths and weakness of the two approaches are discussed. (Source: New Ideas in Psychology)
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - April 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Toward an interdisciplinary conceptualization of moral injury: From unequivocal guilt and anger to moral conflict and disorientation
This article addresses these questions, drawing on relevant literature from the fields of philosophy and social sciences, and on 80 in-depth qualitative interviews with Dutch veterans, thus contributing to a refined, interdisciplinary concept of moral injury. (Source: New Ideas in Psychology)
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - April 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Confidence intervals, precision and confounding
Publication date: August 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 50 Author(s): David Trafimow Although it is well-known that confidence intervals fail to provide the probability that the population parameter of interest is within the computed interval, there nevertheless continues to be widespread support for them. Such support is based on the argument that confidence intervals measure precision; wide intervals indicate less precision whereas narrow intervals indicate more precision. But there are three types of precision; sampling precision, precision of homogeneity, and measurement precision; and confidence interv...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - April 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Evolving enactivism: Basic minds meet content, Daniel D. Hutto, Erik Myin. MIT Press (2017), ISBN: 9780262036115
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology Author(s): Duilio Garofoli (Source: New Ideas in Psychology)
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - April 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Wrong outside, wrong inside: A social functionalist approach to the uncanny feeling
Publication date: August 2018 Source:New Ideas in Psychology, Volume 50 Author(s): Antonio Olivera-La Rosa The “uncanny valley” hypothesis (Mori 1970/2005) states that a near-human looking entity can engender negative feelings in an observer. I analyze the phenomenology of the uncanny feeling, which is largely understudied despite being the dependent variable in empirical studies. Next, I introduce a social functionalist account to the uncanny valley research. I propose that the uncanny feeling is a social response triggered by the perception that something is ambiguously wrong with the “humanness” of the human-...
Source: New Ideas in Psychology - March 31, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
