A neural network prediction of environmental determinants of Anopheles sinensis knockdown resistance mutation to pyrethroids in China
ABSTRACT
Selection pressure caused by long‐term intensive use of insecticides is the key driving force in resistance development. Additional parameters such as environmental conditions may affect both the mosquito response to insecticides and the selection of resistance mechanisms. In this context, we analyzed the environmental determinants of kdr prevalence in Anopheles sinensis across China. We collected kdr frequency from 48 sites across central and southern China, together with key environmental factors including long‐term climatic data, topographic features, main crops, and land cover types. Trend surface analysis...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Xing Wei, Guiyun Yan, Guofa Zhou, Daibin Zhong, Qiang Fang, Xiaodi Yang, Dehua Hu, Xuelian Chang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Detection of Lyme disease and anaplasmosis pathogens via PCR in Pennsylvania deer ked
This study confirms the presence of B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum in deer keds (Lipoptena cervi) removed from white‐tailed deer using PCR. Detection of these pathogens in deer ked represents a potential novel susceptibility of wildlife and also suggests the risk of transmission of these pathogens to humans and animals alike through the bite of an infected ectoparasite. This study represents the first instance in the U.S. of detection of tick‐borne pathogens in a member of the Hippoboscid family. (Source: Journal of Vector Ecology)
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: M. Buss, L. Case, B. Kearney, C. Coleman, J.D. Henning Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Bias due to methods of parasite detection when estimating prevalence of infection of Triatoma infestans by Trypanosoma cruzi
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to quantify the bias from parasite detection methods in the estimation of the prevalence of infection of Triatoma infestans by Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. Three common protocols that detect T. cruzi in a sample of 640 wild‐caught T. infestans were compared: (1) the microscopic observation of insect fecal droplets, (2) a PCR protocol targeting mini‐exon genes of T. cruzi (MeM‐PCR), and (3) a PCR protocol targeting a satellite repeated unit of the parasite. Agreement among protocols was computed using Krippendorff Kα. The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of each protoc...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Fr édéric Lardeux, Claudia Aliaga, Stéphanie Depickère Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
An annotated checklist of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Insecta: Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) with incorporation of a vector species list from India
This article provides an updated checklist of Culicoides spp. from India collected from various scattered publications, along with their synonyms and details on their subgenera, geographical distribution, and type locality. A compiled list of different Culicoides vectors from India has also been included separately in this article, along with the type of the diseases spread. (Source: Journal of Vector Ecology)
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Emon Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit Mazumdar, S.N. Joardar, Goutam K. Saha, Dhriti Banerjee Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Determining Culex annulirostris larval densities and control efforts across a coastal wetland, Northern Territory, Australia
This study has highlighted the vegetation categories most significantly associated with Cx. annulirostris breeding in a Darwin wetland. This knowledge can be applied to current control efforts to improve aerial control efficiency for this species and could be applicable in other areas of northern Australia. (Source: Journal of Vector Ecology)
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: N. Kurucz, S. Jacups, J.M. Carter Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of collection methods for Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes simpsoni in northeastern Tanzania
This study compared Sticky ovitraps (SO) and MosquiTraps (MQT) with the CDC Gravid trap (CDC‐GT) for collection of Culex and Aedes mosquito populations in Tanzania. A follow‐up experiment was carried out using traps set for a 24‐h period to accommodate the oviposition habits of Aedes aegypti and Ae. simpsoni s.l. mosquitoes. The results showed that the CDC‐GT caught significantly more Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti than the SO or MQT, but there was no significant difference in the number of mosquitoes caught between the two sticky traps or of Ae. simpsoni s.l. caught among the three trap types. The results su...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Jonathan Harold Thornton, Bernard Malongo Batengana, Alvaro Eduardo Eiras, Seth Robert Irish Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Behavioral responses of Anopheles species (Culicidae: Diptera) with varying surface exposure to pyrethroid ‐treated netting in an excito‐repellency test system
This study found that varying levels of surface exposure with synthetic pyrethroids can impact the behavioral avoidance responses of Anopheles; however, it may also be possible to reduce the amount of coverage to achieve similar avoidance actions. This information may assist policy makers in designing more cost effective strategies involving residual insecticides to control mosquito vectors. (Source: Journal of Vector Ecology)
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Krajana Tainchum, Jirod Nararak, Wasana Boonyuan, Michael J. Bangs, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Genetic diversity of Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks in sympatric and allopatric zones in Baltic countries
ABSTRACT
Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus 1758) and Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze 1930) ticks are involved in the transmission of a wide variety of pathogens with considerable impact on human and animal health. The co‐distribution zone of these two tick species is situated in the Baltic countries, which provides a special setting for the population studies. In the present study, genetic variability of I. ricinus ticks collected in allopatric and sympatric locations in the Baltic countries has been investigated using a sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region, 16S rRNA and cytb genes. There were 32 haplotypes (Hd: ...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: A. Paulauskas, E. Galdikait ė‐Brazienė, J. Radzijevskaja, A. Aleksandravičienė, M. Galdikas Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic factors associated with West Nile virus incidence in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
The integrated effects of the many risk factors associated with West Nile virus (WNV) incidence are complex and not well understood. We studied an array of risk factors in and around Atlanta, GA, that have been shown to be linked with WNV in other locations. This array was comprehensive and included climate and meteorological metrics, vegetation characteristics, land use / land cover analyses, and socioeconomic factors. Data on mosquito abundance and WNV mosquito infection rates were obtained for 58 sites and covered 2009–2011, a period following the combined storm water – sewer overflow remediation in that ci...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Graeme Lockaby, Navideh Noori, Wayde Morse, Wayne Zipperer, Latif Kalin, Robin Governo, Rajesh Sawant, Matthew Ricker Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Movement of Aedes aegypti following a sugar meal and its implication in the development of control strategies in Dur án, Ecuador
This study identifies that outdoor sugar feeding is a common behavior of Ae. aegypti and can be targeted as a control strategy in urban habitats in Latin America. (Source: Journal of Vector Ecology)
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Whitney A. Qualls, Diana P. Naranjo, Miguel Angel Sub ía, Giovanni Ramon, Varsovia Cevallos, Isabel Grijalva, Eduardo Gómez, Kristopher L. Arheart, Douglas O. Fuller, John C. Beier Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Diversity of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and classification based on the characteristics of the habitats where they were collected in Puerto Iguaz ú, Misiones, Argentina
ABSTRACT
In order to extend the knowledge of anopheline diversity and their habitats in three environments with different degrees of anthropic intervention in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, anopheline larvae were collected and classified on the basis of similarities of their habitats. Spatio‐temporal abundance was determined and larval diversity and complementarity index were calculated. Rank‐abundance curves were performed to compare the composition, abundance, and species evenness among environments. A total of 783 larvae, belonging to six species: Anopheles argyritarsis, An. fluminensis, An. mediopunctatus, An. punctimac...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - November 16, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: P.G. Ramirez, M. Stein, E.G. Etchepare, W.R. Almiron Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effects of temperature on the life cycle, expansion, and dispersion of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in three cities in Paraiba, Brazil
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the life cycle and expansion of Ae. aegypti populations in the cities of Campina Grande, João Pessoa, and Patos. Samples of Ae. aegypti were collected in the three cities and raised in the laboratory. We assessed the life cycles of the three Ae. aegypti populations under six constant temperatures (16, 22, 28, 33, 36, and 39°C), selected on the basis of historical temperature tendencies of each city. We also used existing climate data to calculate projected temperature increases for all three areas. Our results suggest that Campina Grande, João Pessoa, and Pato...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - May 27, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Rafael A. Marinho, Eduardo B. Beserra, Maria A. Bezerra‐Gusmão, Valbia de S. Porto, Ricardo A. Olinda, Carlos A. C. dos Santos Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Sand flies on Paran á River Islands and natural infection of Nyssomyia neivai by Leishmania in southern Brazil
(Source: Journal of Vector Ecology)
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - May 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Barbara Andreo dos Santos, K árin Rosi Reinhold‐Castro, Edilson Colhera Cristóvão, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira, Ueslei Teodoro Tags: Scientific Note Source Type: research
Detection of African horse sickness virus in Culicoides imicola pools using RT ‐qPCR
This study focused on detection of AHSV in Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) pools by the application of a RT‐qPCR. Midges were fed on AHSV‐infected blood. A single blood‐engorged female was allocated to pools of unfed nulliparous female midges. Pool sizes varied from 1 to 200. RNA was extracted and prepared for RT‐qPCR. The virus was successfully detected and the optimal pool size for the limit of detection of the virus was determined at a range between 1 to 25. Results from this investigation highlight the need for a standardized protocol for AHSV investigation in Culicoides midges especially for comp...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - May 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Tania de Waal, Danica Liebenberg, Gert J Venter, Charlotte MS Mienie, Huib van Hamburg Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
DNA ‐based identification and OspC serotyping in cultures of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. isolated from ticks collected in the Moravia (Czech Republic)
ABSTRACT
Two different genetic loci, flaB and ospC, were employed to assign genospecies and OspC phylogenetic type to 18 strains isolated from ticks collected in Pisárky, a suburban park in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. The RFLP analysis revealed three different genospecies (B. afzelii, B. garinii, and B. valaisiana). Three samples from the collection contained more than one genospecies. In the other 15 strains, nucleotide sequences of flaB and ospC were determined. The following phylogenetic analysis assigned 12 isolates to genospecies B. garinii and three to B. afzelii. These isolates were further subdivided into se...
Source: Journal of Vector Ecology - May 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Adam Norek, Lubom ír Janda, Alena Žákovská Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
