Human C5a Protein Participates in the Mosquito Immune Response Against Dengue Virus
Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by Aedes spp mosquitoes during a bloodmeal uptake. The bloodmeal consists of host cells, immune factors, and possibly blood-borne pathogens, such as arboviruses. Human cells and immune-related factors, like the complement system, can remain active in the bloodmeal and may be able to interact with pathogens in the mosquito. Previous studies have shown that active complement proteins impact Plasmodium parasite viability in the Anopheles midgut. Thus, we investigated the effects of the human complement on DENV infection in the midgut of Aedes aegypti. Our findings indicate that mosquitoes re...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Londono-Renteria, B., Grippin, C., Cardenas, J. C., Troupin, A., Colpitts, T. M. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Tick Salivary Cholinesterase: A Probable Immunomodulator of Host-parasite Interactions
The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), is the most economically important cattle ectoparasite in the world. Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say) continue to threaten U.S. cattle producers despite eradication and an importation barrier based on inspection, dipping of imported cattle in organophosphate (OP) acaricide, and quarantine of infested premises. OP acaricides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), essential to tick central nervous system function. Unlike vertebrates, ticks possess at least three genes encoding AChEs, differing in amino acid sequence and biochem...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Temeyer, K. B., Tuckow, A. P. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Can Subclinical Infestation by Paralyzing Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) Induce Immunity to Tick Paralysis in Sheep?
Cattle and sheep can develop immunity to paralysis caused by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles; however, this has been reported only in animals that were initially challenged with a high dose of ticks and exhibited clear symptoms of paralysis. Paralysis in sheep occurs in a dose-dependent fashion, with no paralysis occurring in sheep exposed to <0.2 ticks per kilogram sheep weight, and 100% paralysis in sheep exposed to >0.8 ticks per kilogram. This experiment was conducted to determine if sheep exposed to a low dose of ticks would also develop immunity to paralysis. Sheep were exposed to either a low (0.2 ticks per kilog...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Lysyk, T. J., Dergousoff, S. J. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Heterogeneity of Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Control Community Size, Research Productivity, and Arboviral Diseases Across the United States
Multiple factors lead to extensive variation in mosquito and mosquito-borne virus control programs throughout the United States. This variation is related to differences in budgets, number of personnel, operational activities targeting nuisance or vector species, integration of Geographical Information Systems, and the degree of research and development to improve management interventions through collaboration with academic institutions. To highlight this heterogeneity, the current study evaluates associations among the size of a mosquito control community, the research productivity, and the mosquito-borne virus human dise...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Hamer, G. L. Tags: Forum Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Information for Contributors
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Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Subscriptions Page
(Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Journal of Medical Entomology May 2016 - Vol 53 - No 3 - Front Cover
(Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Sicich, B. Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Erratum
(Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
OFF! Clip-on Repellent Device With Metofluthrin Tested on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) for Mortality at Different Time Intervals and Distances
The OFF! Clip-on mosquito-repellent device was tested outdoors against Aedes aegypti (L.). A single treatment device was used against batches of caged adult, nonblood fed Ae. aegypti at multiple locations 0.3 m from treatment center. Another set of cages was stationed 0.6 m from treatment. A final set of cages was placed 0.9 m away. Trials ran for durations of 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. Initial knockdown and mortality after 24 h was recorded. The devices had effective knockdown and mortality. This was not sustained at distances greater than 0.3 m from the device. (Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bibbs, C. S., Xue, R.-D. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Teratological Nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) From Wisconsin
Abnormalities of physiological development (teratological forms) in ticks are rare. The occurrence of gigantism, dwarfism, gynandromorphs, missing legs, extra legs, and asymmetries is most often reported from lab-reared specimens, but has been observed in field-collected specimens. All morphologically anomalous ticks (besides gynandromorphy) described to date are from species other than Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). Here we describe four teratological I. scapularis nymphs collected while dragging vegetation in Wisconsin in 2015, including two asymmetrical ticks, one with a missing leg, and one with an extra leg....
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Larson, S. R., Paskewitz, S. M. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Vector Competence and Capacity of Culex erraticus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in the Southeastern United States
Field studies of the ecology of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV; family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus) in the southeastern United States have demonstrated that Culex erraticus (Dyar and Knab) is the most common mosquito at many enzootic sites and is often infected with the virus. However, the competence of Cx. erraticus for EEEV has not been explored in detail. Culex erraticus females were collected from the field and fed upon EEEV-infected chicks. The infected mosquitoes were provided honey for nutrition and to monitor for time to infectiveness. Of the mosquitoes that survived the 14-d postfeeding period, 89% were...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bingham, A. M., Burkett-Cadena, N. D., Hassan, H. K., Unnasch, T. R. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
The Use of Microdispensers with Spatial Repellents for Personal Protection Against Mosquito Biting
Mosquito-borne pathogens affect millions of people worldwide. This work describes a new method to deliver spatial repellents. Functional microdispensers (FMDs) were designed to deliver spatial repellents against mosquitoes. In vivo trials showed that FMDs protect human subjects against mosquitoes by reducing 70–90% of bites received, with a protection that lasted up to 4 weeks. FMDs can be cost-effectively implemented as wearable or field-dispensed devices for local area protection, defined as a confined geographical region. (Source: Journal of Medical Entomology)
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bernier, U. R., Clark, G. G., Gurman, P., Elman, N. M. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Interspecific Interactions Between Adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Single and mixed species densities of adult Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus were manipulated to determine if different combinations affected their egg laying preference or mortality rates. Oviposition was measured in environments that contained containers of different surface areas (small cups vs. larger bowls), and the number of eggs (Aedes) and egg rafts or larvae (Culex) deposited by each species was examined with respect to intra- and interspecific density treatment levels. Mixed species densities did not have an effect on survivorship, but single species densities did affect longevity, with higher densitie...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - March 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Daniels, S., Ezeakacha, N. F., Yee, D. A. Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
