Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Comprehensive immune profiling and immune-monitoring using body fluid of patients with metastatic gastric cancer
ConclusionsBy analyzing cytokines and proportion of immune cells in body fluid, prognosis of patients with mGC can be predicted. Immune monitoring using body fluid may provide more effective treatment for patients with mGC. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 20, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: the complex interface between inflammation, fibrosis, and the immune response
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and confers a poor prognosis. Beyond standard systemic therapy with multikinase inhibitors, recent studies demonstrate the potential for robust and durable responses from immune checkpoint inhibition in subsets of HCC patients across disease etiologies. The majority of HCC arises in the context of chronic inflammation and from within a fibrotic liver, with many cases associated with hepatitis virus infections, toxins, and fatty liver disease. Many patients also have concomitant cirrhosis which is associated with both local and syst...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Metastatic breast cancers have reduced immune cell recruitment but harbor increased macrophages relative to their matched primary tumors
AbstractThe interplay between the immune system and tumor progression is well recognized. However, current human breast cancer immunophenotyping studies are mostly focused on primary tumors with metastatic breast cancer lesions remaining largely understudied. To address this gap, we examined exome-capture RNA sequencing data from 50 primary breast tumors (PBTs) and their patient-matched metastatic tumors (METs) in brain, ovary, bone and gastrointestinal tract. We used gene expression signatures as surrogates for tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and compared TIL patterns in PBTs and METs. Enrichment analysis and deconv...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Pericardial effusion under nivolumab: case-reports and review of the literature
ConclusionsWe review the literature on pericardial effusion under nivolumab to further discuss the hallmarks of pericardial effusion under nivolumab and the management of nivolumab therapy in this situation. In conclusion, pericardial effusion as an immune-related adverse event under nivolumab appears less rare than initially thought and may require particular attention. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Monalizumab: inhibiting the novel immune checkpoint NKG2A
AbstractThe implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the oncology clinic signified a new era in cancer treatment. After the first indication of melanoma, an increasing list of additional cancer types are now treated with immune system targeting antibodies to PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, alleviating inhibition signals on T cells. Recently, we published proof-of-concept results on a novel checkpoint inhibitor, NKG2A. This receptor is expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes, including NK cells and subsets of activated CD8+ T cells. Blocking antibodies to NKG2A unleashed the reactivity of these effector cells resulting in tumor...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Alteration in TET1 as potential biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade in multiple cancers
ConclusionsTET1-MUT was strongly associated with higher ORR, better DCB, longer PFS, and improved OS in patients receiving ICI treatment, suggesting thatTET1-MUT is a novel predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade across multiple cancer types. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Tumor-infiltrating B cells affect the progression of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma via cell-to-cell interactions with CD8 + T cells
ConclusionsOur results indicate that high abundance of TIL-Bs and high density of direct B cell/CD8+ T cell interactions can predict patients with excellent prognosis, who would benefit from less invasive treatment. We propose that in extensively infiltrated tumors, TIL-Bs might recruit CD8+ T cells via CXCL9 and due to a highly activated phenotype contribute by secondary costimulation to the maintenance of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Seronegative autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy from dual immune checkpoint inhibition in a patient with metastatic melanoma
ConclusionsImmune checkpoint inhibitors can have a wide range of unusual, rare irAEs, including neurotoxicity such as AAG. Clinicians should maintain suspicion for this toxicity so that treatment can be rapidly provided to avoid disability. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

CAR-T cell therapy: a potential new strategy against prostate cancer
In this study we review the principles that have guided the engineering of CAR-T cells and the specific prostatic antigens identified as possible targets for immunological and non-immunological therapies. We also provide a state-of-the-art overview of CAR-T cell therapy in PCa, defining the key obstacles to its development and underlining the mechanisms used to overcome these barriers. At present, although there are still many unanswered questions regarding CAR-T cell therapy, there is no doubt that it has the potential to become an important treatment option for urological malignancies. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 15, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Extracellular NK histones promote immune cell anti-tumor activity by inducing cell clusters through binding to CD138 receptor
ConclusionThis study demonstrates a novel immunoregulatory role of NK cells against MM cells mediated by histones, and an additional role of NK cells modulating T lymphocytes activity that will open up new avenues to design future immunotherapy clinical strategies. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 15, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

TLR9 acts as a sensor for tumor-released DNA to modulate anti-tumor immunity after chemotherapy
AbstractThe tumor microenvironment exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in which a balance of agonist and antagonist signals govern the anti-tumor immune responses. Previous studies have shown that chemotherapy could shift this balance in favor of agonistic signals for the anti-tumor immune responses mounted by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), providing sufficiently high antigen density within the tumor. We undertook the current study to characterize the anti-tumor immune response following chemotherapy and its underlying mechanisms. We show that this ‘adjuvant effect’ of chemotherapy is, at least partially, me...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 15, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Adenosine mediates functional and metabolic suppression of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells
ConclusionsOur findings unveil A2AR/PKA/mTORC1 as the main Ado signaling pathway impairing the immune competence of peripheral T cells and TILs. Thus, p-CREB and p-S6 may represent useful pharmacodynamic and efficacy biomarkers of immunotherapies targeting Ado. The effect of Ado on T cell metabolic fitness reinforces the importance of the adenosinergic pathway as a target for next-generation immunotherapy. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - October 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab efficacy and safety in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma
ConclusionsSingle-agent pembrolizumab has modest efficacy as a salvage therapy in ACC regardless of the tumor ’s hormonal function, microsatellite instability status, or programmed cell death ligand-1 status. Treatment was well tolerated in most study participants, with a low rate of severe adverse events.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02721732, Registered March 29, 2016. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Targeting interferon signaling and CTLA-4 enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical model of HPV + oral cancer
ConclusionsThese results support combining α-PD-1 therapy with induction of IFN-α/β signaling via provision of STING agonist and/or through CTLA-4 blockade as potential treatment option for HNSCC patients, especially, those not responding to α-PD-1 monotherapy. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Immunosuppression by monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma is orchestrated by STAT3
ConclusionMDSC analysis aids in defining the immune landscape of PDAC patients for a more appropriate diagnosis, stratification and treatment. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research