Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.mTOR signaling as a target of amino acid treatment of the age-related sarcopenia.
Authors: D'Antona G, Nisoli E
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related structural and functional impairment of skeletal muscle leading to loss of strength, contractile capacity and endurance. Among factors implicated in sarcopenia, deregulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) has frequently been reported. Thus, the attempts aiming at identifying possible countermeasures to sarcopenia require consideration of a complex coordinated interaction of factors contributing to the balance between protein synthesis and breakdown and the identification of several regulators on their function. We will focus here on the...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Mitochondrial theory of aging in human age-related sarcopenia.
Authors: Parise G, De Lisio M
Abstract
Understanding age-related sarcopenia and, more importantly, devising counterstrategies require an intimate knowledge of the underlying mechanism(s) of sarcopenia. The mitochondrial theory of aging (MTA) has been a leading theory on aging for the last decade; however, there is relatively little information from human tissue to support or rebut the involvement of the MTA in aging skeletal muscle. It is believed that mitochondria may contribute to sarcopenia in a stochastic fashion where regions of fibers containing dysfunctional mitochondria are forced to atrophy. Resis...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Exercise as a calorie restriction mimetic: implications for improving healthy aging and longevity.
In conclusion, like CR, exercise can limit weight gain and adiposity, but only CR can extend lifespan. Therefore, in rodents, the ability of CR to slow aging is apparently more dependent on decreasing nutrient flux, rather than changes in energy balance and body composition.
PMID: 20703061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology)
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Clinical, cellular and molecular phenotypes of aging bone.
Authors: Syed FA, Iqbal J, Peng Y, Sun L, Zaidi M
Abstract
Our understanding of gerontological bone loss and osteoporosis has grown substantially in the recent past. Clinical as well as basic and translational studies have been pivotal in providing us with the pathophysiology of this condition. They have also informed us of the various cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age related bone loss. This chapter focuses on the current concepts and paradigms of age related bone loss in humans and how various animal and cellular models have broadened our understanding in this fascinating but complex area....
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Chronic mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition: preventing cancer to delay aging, or vice versa?.
Authors: Sharp ZD, Curiel TJ, Livi CB
Abstract
Cancer and aging appear to be inexorably linked, yet approaches to ameliorate them in concert are lacking. Although not (easily) feasible in humans, years of preclinical research show that diet and growth factor restriction each successfully address cancer and aging together. Chronic treatment of genetically heterogeneous mice with an enteric formulation of rapamycin (eRapa) extended maximum lifespan of both genders when started in mid or late life. In part, cancer amelioration in treated mice suggested that long-term eRapa, like diet restriction, could be a p...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Senescent cells and their secretory phenotype as targets for cancer therapy.
Authors: Velarde MC, Demaria M, Campisi J
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that increases exponentially with age. Cancer arises from cells that proliferate in an unregulated manner, an attribute that is countered by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is a potent tumor-suppressive process that halts the proliferation, essentially irreversibly, of cells at risk for malignant transformation. A number of anti-cancer drugs have emerged that induce tumor cells to undergo cellular senescence. However, although a senescence response can halt the proliferation of cancer cells, the presence of senescen...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Cancer vaccination at older age.
Authors: Gravekamp C
Abstract
Cancer vaccination is less effective at old than at young age, due to T cell unresponsiveness. This is caused by various age-related changes of the immune system, such as lack of naïve T cells, defects in activation pathways of T cells and antigen-presenting cells, and age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment. Natural killer, natural killer T cells, and γδT cells of the innate immune system also change with age but these responses may be more susceptible for improvement than adaptive immune responses at older age. This chapter compares various studies involving ada...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Immunology of aging and cancer development.
Authors: Fulop T, Larbi A, Kotb R, Pawelec G
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of most cancers increase with age. The immune system is a unique mechanism of defense against pathogens and possibly cancers, however there is a body of evidence that the immune system of the aged is eroded, a phenomenon termed immunosenescence. Each arm of the immune system, innate and adaptive, is altered with aging, contributing to increased tumorigenesis. Related to immunosenescence, a low-grade inflammation also develops with aging contributing also to increase carcinogenesis. Understanding the contribution of immunosen...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Metabolic syndrome and cancer: from bedside to bench and back.
Authors: Extermann M
Abstract
As older patients present with an average of three comorbidities beside their cancer, geriatric oncology can provide unique clues to translational research in aging and cancer. We illustrate this approach with the example of the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Epidemiologic and clinical cohorts highlighted an association between the metabolic syndrome and a higher risk and worse prognosis of various cancers. In a bedside-to-bench transition, this led to an interest in analyzing the potential mechanisms underlying this association. At least ten potential mechanisms could be impl...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Frailty: a common pathway in aging and cancer.
Authors: Balducci L
Abstract
The construct of frailty is germane to that of aging, but a clinical definition of frailty is still wanted. In the geriatric literature, frailty has been conceived in two different ways. The first one is a threshold beyond which the functional reserve of a person is critically reduced and the tolerance of stress negligible. The second is as a progressive reduction of functional reserve due to a progressive accumulation of deficit. In this construct it may be hard to distinguish frailty from aging. Neither concept has at present a clear application in the management of older can...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Targeting age-related changes in the biology of acute myeloid leukemia: is the patient seeing the progress?.
Authors: Vey N
Abstract
The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the elderly is poor with overall less than 5% of the patients expected to be alive after 5 years. In many studies, age was an independent poor prognostic factor. In the elderly, the frequency of secondary forms of AML, of unfavorable cytogenetics, expression of multidrug resistance genes in part explains the poor outcome. However, based on genetic and molecular studies, there is no evidence for specific biological features of the disease in the elderly. Host-related factors including comorbidity and reduced functional reserves also ac...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Comprehensive geriatric assessment in oncology.
Authors: Mohile SG, Magnuson A
Abstract
The incidence of cancer increases with advanced age and the majority of cancer deaths are in patients aged ≥ 65. The geriatric population is a heterogeneous group and a patient's chronologic age does not always correlate with underlying physiologic status. Oncologists need to be able to obtain information on physiologic and functional capacity in older patients in order to provide safe and effective treatment recommendations. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a compilation of validated tools that predict morbidity and mortality in community-dwelling o...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Pharmacology of aging and cancer: how useful are pharmacokinetic tests?.
Authors: Lichtman SM
Abstract
The elderly comprise the majority of patients with cancer and are the recipients of the greatest amount of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data to make evidence-based decisions with regard to chemotherapy. This is due to the minimal participation of older patients in clinical trials and that trials have not systematically evaluated chemotherapy. This chapter reviews the available information with regard to chemotherapy and aging. Due to the lack of prospective data, the conclusions and recommendations made are a consensus of the available information. Extrapola...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Surgery in older cancer patients - recent results and new techniques: worth the investment?.
Authors: van Leeuwen BL, Huisman MG, Audisio RA
Abstract
Recent developments in oncogeriatric surgery focus on several items - preoperative risk estimation and identification of frail patients and optimalization of perioperative care. New screening tools are being evaluated and show promising results. There is increasing evidence that preoperative training of frail patients might decrease the rate of postoperative complications and increase survival. The recent trend towards individualized treatment schemes will certainly be of benefit for the elderly population. More tools are becoming available to answer...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
Organizing the geriatrician/oncologist partnership: one size fits all? Practical solutions.
Authors: Holmes HM, Albrand G
Abstract
Cancer in elderly patients is becoming a global issue, with the aging of the population and increased incidence of cancer with aging. Older patients with cancer have unique needs that can best be addressed by the integration of geriatrics principles and oncology care. Unfortunately, the worsening shortage of oncologists and geriatricians makes the care of the older patient with cancer increasingly challenging. Practical issues to consider when creating a geriatrics/oncology partnership include the available resources in terms of interdisciplinary team members, the pat...
Source: Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology - November 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Tags: Interdiscip Top Gerontol Source Type: research
