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Pubertal Testosterone Correlates with Adolescent Impatience and Dorsal Striatal Activity
In this study we investigated task-related impatience of boys between 10 and 15 years of age (N = 75), using an intertemporal choice task combined with measures of functional magnetic resonance imaging and hormonal assessment. Increased levels of testosterone were associated with a greater response bias towards choosing the smaller sooner option. Furthermore, our results show that testosterone specifically modulates the dorsal, not ventral, striatal pathway. These results provide novel insights into our understanding of adolescent impulsive and risky behaviors and how pubertal hormones are related to neural processes. ...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Corrigendum to “Neural dynamics underlying coherent motion perception in children and adults” [Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 38 (August) (2019) 100670]
Publication date: February 2020Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Volume 41Author(s): Catherine Manning, Blair Kaneshiro, Peter J. Kohler, Mihaela Duta, Gaia Scerif, Anthony M. Norcia (Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Individualised MRI training for paediatric neuroimaging: A child-focused approach
Publication date: Available online 16 December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Emmanuel Peng Kiat Pua, Sarah Barton, Katrina Williams, Jeffrey M Craig, Marc L SealAbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in paediatric cohorts is often complicated by reluctance to enter the scanner and head motion-related imaging artefacts. The process is particularly challenging for children with neurodevelopmental disorders where coping with novel task demands in an unfamiliar setting may be more difficult due to symptom-related deficits or distress. These issues often give rise to excessive head motion that can...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Editorial Board/Aims and Scope
Publication date: December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Volume 40Author(s): (Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 11, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neural mechanisms of response-preparation and inhibition in bilingual and monolingual children: Lateralized Readiness Potentials (LRPs) during a nonverbal Stroop task
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Srishti Nayak, Hiba Salem, Amanda TarulloAbstractInhibitory control is a core executive function (EF) skill, thought to involve cognitive ‘interference suppression’ and motor ‘response inhibition’ sub-processes. A few studies have shown that early bilingualism shapes interference suppression but not response inhibition skills, however current behavioral measures do not fully allow us to disentangle these subcomponents. Lateralized Readiness Potentials (LRPs) are centroparietal event-related potentials (ERPs) th...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 11, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Inhibiting errors while they are produced: direct evidence for error monitoring and inhibitory control in children
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Kamila Śmigasiewicz, Solène Ambrosi, Agnès Blaye, Boris BurleAbstractThe maturation of processes involved in performance monitoring, crucial for adaptive behavior, is a core aspect of developmental changes. Monitoring processes are often studied through the analysis of error processing. Previous developmental studies generally focused on post-error slowing and error-related EEG activities. Instead, the present study aims at collecting indicators of error monitoring processes occurring within trials that is, before th...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Ivan L. Simpson-Kent, Delia Fuhrmann, Joe Bathelt, Jascha Achterberg, Gesa Sophia Borgeest, the CALM Team, Rogier A. KievitAbstractDespite the reliability of intelligence measures in predicting important life outcomes such as educational achievement and mortality, the exact configuration and neural correlates of cognitive abilities remain poorly understood, especially in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the factorial structure and neural substrates of child and adolescent intelligence using t...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Building Functional Connectivity Neuromarkers of Behavioral Self-Regulation across Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
We examined whole-brain brain functional correlations (FC) and behavioral regulation through connectome predictive modelling (CPM). CPM is a data-driven protocol for developing predictive models of brain–behavior relationships and assessing their potential as ‘neuromarkers’ using cross-validation. The data stems from the ABIDE II and comprises 276 children with and without ASD (8-13 years).We identified networks whose FC predicted individual differences in behavioral regulation. These network models predicted novel individuals’ inhibition and shifting from FC data in both a leave-one-out, and split halves, cross-va...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A sensitive period in the neural phenotype of language in blind individuals
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Rashi Pant, Shipra Kanjlia, Marina BednyAbstractCongenital blindness modifies the neural basis of language: “visual” cortices respond to linguistic information, and fronto-temporal language networks are less left-lateralized. We tested the hypothesis that this plasticity follows a sensitive period by comparing the neural basis of sentence processing between adult-onset blind (AB, n = 16), congenitally blind (CB, n = 22) and blindfolded sighted adults (n = 18). In Experiment 1, participants made semantic ...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - December 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Changes in Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus Differentially Predict Item-Space, Item-Time, and Item-Item Memory Improvement
Publication date: Available online 30 November 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Joshua K. Lee, Yana Fandakova, Elliott G. Johnson, Neal J. Cohen, Silvia A. Bunge, Simona GhettiAbstractRelational memory improves during middle childhood and adolescence, yet the neural correlates underlying those improvements are debated. Although memory for spatial, temporal, and other associative relations requires the hippocampus, it is not established whether within-individual changes in hippocampal structure contribute to memory improvements from middle childhood into adolescence. Here, we investigated how struc...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - November 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Development of Neural Responses to Hearing Their Own Name in Infants at Low and High Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
In this study, we investigated ERPs to hearing the own name in infants at high and low risk for ASD, at 10 and 14 months. We hypothesized that low-risk infants would exhibit enhanced frontal ERP responses to their own name compared to an unfamiliar name, while high-risk infants were expected to show attenuation or absence of this difference in their ERP responses. In contrast to expectations, we did not find enhanced ERPs to own name in the low-risk group. However, the high-risk group exhibited attenuated frontal positive-going activity to their own name compared to an unfamiliar name and compared to the low-risk group, at...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - November 27, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

I know that I know nothing: Cortical thickness and functional connectivity underlying meta-ignorance ability in pre-schoolers
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Elisa Filevich, Caroline Garcia Forlim, Carmen Fehrman, Carina Forster, Markus Paulus, Yee Lee Shing, Simone KühnAbstractMetacognition plays a pivotal role in human development. The ability to realize that we do not know something, or meta-ignorance, emerges after approximately five years of age. We sought for the brain systems that underlie the developmental emergence of this ability in a preschool sample.Twenty-four children aged between five and six years answered questions under three conditions. In the critical p...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - November 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Distinct aspects of the early environment contribute to associative memory, cued attention, and memory-guided attention: Implications for academic achievement
Publication date: December 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Volume 40Author(s): Maya L. Rosen, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Margaret A. Sheridan, Katie A. McLaughlinAbstractChildhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with numerous aspects of cognitive development and disparities in academic achievement. The specific environmental factors that contribute to these disparities remain poorly understood. We used observational methods to characterize three aspects of the early environment that may contribute to SES-related differences in cognitive development: violence exposure, cognitive stimulation, and quality ...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - November 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Variation in early life maternal care predicts later long range frontal cortex synapse development in mice
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): A. Wren Thomas, Kristen Delevich, Irene Chang, Linda WilbrechtAbstractEmpirical and theoretical work suggests that early postnatal experience may inform later developing synaptic connectivity to adapt the brain to its environment. We hypothesized that early maternal experience may program the development of synaptic density on long range frontal cortex projections. To test this idea, we used maternal separation (MS) to generate environmental variability and examined how MS affected 1) maternal care and 2) synapse densi...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - November 21, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Distentangling the systems contributing to changes in learning during adolescence
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Sarah L. Master, Maria K. Eckstein, Neta Gotlieb, Ronald Dahl, Linda Wilbrecht, Anne G.E. CollinsAbstractMultiple neurocognitive systems contribute simultaneously to learning. For example, dopamine and basal ganglia (BG) systems are thought to support reinforcement learning (RL) by incrementally updating the value of choices, while the prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes different computations, such as actively maintaining precise information in working memory (WM). It is commonly thought that WM and PFC show more prot...
Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - November 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research