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Illegal yet developmentally normative: a descriptive analysis of young, urban adolescents' dating and sexual behaviour in Cape Town, South Africa
Conclusions: Many young adolescents are engaging in a variety of sexual behaviours ranging from kissing and touching to intercourse. Of particular concern are those engaging in risky sexual behaviour. These findings indicate that adolescents need to be prepared for sexual negotiation and decision-making from an early age through comprehensive and accessible education and health services; sections of current legislation may be a barrier to adopting such policies and practices. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 10, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Aník GeversCathy MathewsPam CuppMarcia RussellRachel Jewkes Source Type: research

Cosmopolitanism and foreign policy for health: ethics for and beyond the state
DiscussionNational security has become the dominant ethical frame underlying the health-based foreign policy of many states, despite the transnational nature of many contemporary health challenges. This ethical approach engages global health as a means to achieving national security objectives. Implicit in this ethical frame is the version of humanity that dichotomizes between "us" and "them". What has been left out of this discourse, for the most part, is the role that foreign policy can play in extending the responsibility of states to protect and promote health of the other, for the sake of the other.SummaryThe principa...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 8, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Raphael Lencucha Source Type: research

Effect of the conditional cash transfer program Oportunidades on vaccination coverage in older Mexican people
The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the Oportunidades -an incentive-based poverty alleviation program- on vaccination coverage for poor and rural older people in Mexico. Methods: Cross-sectional study, based on 2007 Oportunidades Evaluation Survey, conducted in low-income households from 741 rural communities (localities with (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 8, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Aarón Salinas-RodríguezBetty Manrique-Espinoza Source Type: research

Coping with uncertainty during healthcare-seeking in Lao PDR
Conclusions: Care-seekers' initial strong preference for local providers irrespective of the providers' legitimacy indicates the need for a robust primary healthcare system. Care-seekers' subsequent consultations must be understood in the light of their uncertainty regarding the skills of the available providers. The social connotations of seeking healthcare including the vulnerability of poor households in public health facilities were taken into account to only a limited extent by health workers. Health workers should have greater awareness of the social and cultural aspects of seeking care. (Source: BMC International He...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 19, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Helle AlvessonMagnus LindelowBouasavanh KhanthaphatLucie Laflamme Source Type: research

Integration of HIV care into maternal health services: a crucial change required in improving quality of obstetric care in countries with high HIV prevalence
DiscussionConfidential enquiries and other quality-improvement activities have identified underlying causes of maternal deaths, but depend on the health system to respond with remedies. Instead of separate vertical programmes for management of HIV, tuberculosis, and reproductive health, integration of care and joint management of pregnancy and HIV would be more effective. Addressing health system failures that lead to each woman's death would have a wider impact on improving the quality of care provided in the health service as a whole. More could be achieved if existing resources were used more effectively. The challenge ...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 10, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Farai MadzimbamutoSunanda RayKeitshokile Mogobe Source Type: research

Prevalence of sexual abuse of male high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Conclusions: Sexual abuse of male students is not uncommon in Addis Ababa. It is higher in those living alone or not living with their parents. Due attention is needed by schools, parents and other concerned bodies. Designing a program to fight against sexual abuse should include young school boys. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 16, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Rahel HaileNegussie KebetaGetnet Kassie Source Type: research

Performance and determinants of routine immunization coverage within the context of intensive polio eradication activities in Uttar Pradesh, India: Social Mobilization Network (SM Net) and Core Group Polio Project (CGPP)
Routine polio immunization coverage in Uttar Pradesh has increased concurrently with intensive polio eradication activities, suggesting that polio eradication efforts do not interfere with routine immunization, and that targeted health communications can improve routine immunization performance. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 16, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: William WeissManojkumar ChoudharyRoma Solomon Source Type: research

"Communicate to vaccinate": the development of a taxonomy of communication interventions to improve routine childhood vaccination
Conclusions: Our taxonomy illuminates and organises this field and identifies the range of available communication interventions to increase routine childhood vaccination uptake. We have utilised a variety of data sources, capturing information from rigorous evaluations such as randomised trials as well as experiences and knowledge of practitioners and vaccination stakeholders. The taxonomy reflects current public health practice and can guide the future development of vaccination programmes. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 11, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Natalie WillisSophie HillJessica KaufmanSimon LewinJohn Kis-RigoSara De Castro FreireXavier Bosch-CapblanchClaire GlentonVivian LinPriscilla RobinsonCharles Wiysonge Source Type: research

Validation of the condom use self-efficacy scale in Ethiopia
Conclusion: This study of CUSES using an Ethiopian population found a different dimension to emerge, suggesting that the scale should be validated to local contexts before application. The CUSES-E is valid, reliable and replicable. Therefore, health cadres and researchers in Ethiopia can apply this scale to promote condom utilization to Ethiopian school youths. However, future research to develop a suitable scale (highly valid and reliable) in concordance with the local vernacular using a prior qualitative study is needed. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 23, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Debebe ShawenoEmebet Tekletsadik Source Type: research

Cross-sectional dietary deficiencies among a prison population in Papua New Guinea
Prison rations in Papua New Guinea are likely lacking in several micronutrients, suggesting that changes should be made to the prisoners’ food provisions to ensure that they have access to a nutritionally adequate diet. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 22, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Camilla GouldBenoit TousignantGarry BrianRobert McKayRosalind GibsonKarl BaileyBernard Venn Source Type: research

Factors affecting utilization of skilled maternal care in Northwest Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis
Conclusion: Factors operating at individual and "kebele" levels play a significant role in determining utilization of skilled maternal health services. Interventions to create better community awareness and perception about skilled providers and their care, and ensuring the seamless performance of health care facilities have been considered crucial to improve skilled maternal services in the study area. Such interventions should target underprivileged women. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 15, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Abebaw WorkuAlemayehu YalewMesganaw Afework Source Type: research

Prevalence and risk factors of depression in childhood and adolescence as seen in 4 districts of north-eastern Uganda
Ecological factors, child-principal caregiver relationship and the presence of psychiatric co-morbidities are important determinants of childhood depression in children in north-eastern Uganda, suggesting that multiple risk factors affect mental health in these children. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 5, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Eugene KinyandaRuth KizzaCatherine AbboSheila NdyanabangiJonathan Levin Source Type: research

The range and diversity of providers¿ viewpoints towards the Iraqi primary health care system: an exploration using Q-methodology
Conclusions: This study revealed diverse viewpoints of primary health care providers toward the current Iraqi primary health care system and recognized the particular issues related to each viewpoint. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of health policy makers and primary health care managers concerning the problems facing the primary health care system that might contribute to change in the management of this system. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 21, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Nazar ShabilaNamir Al-TawilTariq Al-HadithiEgbert Sondorp Source Type: research

Annual acknowledgement of reviewers
Contributing reviewersThe editors of BMC International Health and Human Rights would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012). (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 19, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Emily Crow Source Type: research

Barriers to the participation of people with psychosocial disability in mental health policy development in South Africa: a qualitative study of perspectives of policy makers, professionals, religious leaders and academics
Conclusion: A number of attitudes, practices and structures undermine the equal participation of South Africans with psychosocial disability in society. A human rights paradigm and multi-system approach is required to enable full social engagement by people with psychosocial disability, including their involvement in policy development. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 11, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sharon KleintjesCrick LundLeslie Swartz Source Type: research