Peers as Law Enforcement Support (PALS): An early prevention program
This article describes the Peers as Law Enforcement Support (PALS) program developed in a collaboration between a local police agency and University psychology department. Results of a pilot study evaluating participants' perspectives on course content and quality of instruction are presented. Finally, the need for a broad spectrum approach to prevention and intervention of mental health issues in officers is underscored. (Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior)
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - June 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Violence and health: Merging criminal justice, law, mental health, and public health - Part A: Neuroscience, epidemiology, and revisionist discourse
Publication date: Available online 31 May 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Bandy X. Lee, Maya Prabhu, Grace Lee, Erik Kramer, Morkeh Blay-Tofey (Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior)
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - June 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Preventing violence against children at schools in resource-poor environments: Operational culture as an overarching entry point
Publication date: Available online 19 May 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Dipak NakerAbstractThis paper articulates a case for prioritizing prevention of violence against children (VAC) at schools in resource poor environments of developing countries. The first section makes a broad case for why it is important to focus on schools as an entry point for preventing VAC. The second section discusses how the whole school approaches prevalent in developed nations such as Positive Behavioral Intervention Support (PBIS) can be adapted and contextualized for resource poor environments. The paper delineates be...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - May 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Why we should universalize the insanity defense and replace punishment with therapy and education
This article will be devoted to showing why punishment, far from preventing violence, is the most powerful stimulant to violence that we have yet discovered; and that we need to replace it with empirically tested policies that do prevent violence. To speak of universalizing the insanity defense is simply another way to speak of abolishing punishment. The article will show why we should abandon the notion that prisons can be reformed, and instead replace them with safe, secure residential colleges and therapeutic communities. This would mean thinking of violence as a problem in public health and preventive medicine, about w...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - May 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Tracking narrative change in the context of extremism and terrorism: Adapting the Innovative Moments Coding System
Publication date: Available online 11 May 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Raquel da Silva, Pablo Fernández-Navarro, Miguel M. Gonçalves, Catarina Rosa, Joana SilvaAbstractExisting models of deradicalisation, countering violent extremism (CVE), and counter-terrorism (CT) have lacked a clear theory of change, as well as robust empirical methodologies. This paper proposes an empirically-based systematic and transparent methodology – the Innovative Moments Coding System (IMCS) – which is empirically sensitive, ethically defensible, and can be of use in the context of research to inform practitioner ...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - May 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Juvenile Firesetters as multiple problem youth with particular interests in fire: A meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Danielle L.C. Perks, Bruce D. Watt, Katarina Fritzon, Rebekah DoleyAbstractJuveniles are overrepresented among arson offenders, though previous research has been mixed in identifying key risk factors differentiating juvenile firesetters from youth who do not light unsanctioned fires. The current meta-analysis examined all published and available unpublished research over a 30-year period, examining risk and protective factors associated with youth firesetting. Control groups comprised youth living in the community, forensic sa...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - April 27, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Moving beyond prison rape: Assessing sexual victimization among youth in custody
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Eileen M. AhlinAbstractThis integrated literature review discusses the need to treat youth in custody distinctly from adult carceral populations when examining sexual victimization. Although the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) mandates correctional facilities address sexual assault in both populations, the lack of available information on risk factors among youth may lead to practitioners and policy-makers becoming reliant on the adult literature when making decisions on preventative and reactive care for juveniles. Such ex...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - April 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Neurobiological findings of the psychopathic personality in adults: One century of history
The objectives, sample (age, percentage of male, type of sample), country of origin of the studies, language, design, instruments, and results and main conclusions were extracted from each study. Overall, the results reinforce the idea that psychopathic traits are associated with abnormalities in the way the brain processes environmental emotional information, and that the fundamental cognitive properties related to attention maintain or worsen these abnormalities. In some cases, changes in attention explain, by themselves, the abnormalities in emotional processing. Future studies using neurophysiological paradigms would b...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - April 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Measures for evaluating sex trafficking aftercare and support services: A systematic review and resource compilation
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Laurie M. Graham, Rebecca J. Macy, Amanda Eckhardt, Cynthia F. Rizo, Brooke L. JordanAbstractIncreasingly, organizations are providing services to promote the resilience and reintegration of persons trafficked for sexual exploitation. Unfortunately, services for survivors of trafficking have out-paced the evaluation of such services. However, formative studies exist on the needs and service outcomes of survivors of trafficking. We undertook a systematic summary of such studies with the aim of compiling the measures and construc...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - April 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Predicting domestic violence: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of risk assessment tools
Publication date: Available online 1 April 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Claudia E. van der Put, Jeanne Gubbels, Mark AssinkAbstractRisk assessment tools are increasingly being used to guide decisions about supervision and treatment of domestic violence perpetrators. However, earlier review studies showed that the predictive validity of most of these tools is limited, and is reflected in small average effect sizes. The present study aimed to meta-analytically examine the predictive validity of domestic violence risk assessment tools, and to identify tool characteristics that positively moderate the ...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - April 2, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotional victims and the impact on credibility: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 2 April 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Janne van Doorn, Nathalie N. KosterAbstractPrevious research suggests that a victim's emotional expression plays an important role in credibility judgments. However, victims show different emotional responses to the consequences of a crime. Previous research has shown that the emotionality of a victim's demeanor affects the perceived credibility of the victim, also known as the emotional victim effect (EVE). The current systematic review aims to critically scrutinize the current literature on the influence of a victim's emotion...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - April 2, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Suicide by abdominal wounds suggesting seppuku: Case reports from Romania and an international literature review
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Claudia Judea-Pusta, Rusu Alexandru, Andreea CamarasanAbstractSeppuku is a traditional suicide method practiced by honorable Japanese samurai. Today this method of suicide is rarely used in Japan or worldwide and may be exceptionally encountered in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders, the majority of them being older men. It is well known that clinical and cultural factors also play a role in practicing this method of suicide. The mortality rate is significantly higher in cases of abdominal wounds suggesting seppuku,...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - March 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The conceptualization of gangs: Changing the focus
Discussions about the gang construct and appropriate definitions have been pervasive throughout gang research. This paper seeks to shed light on these discussions by adopting a theoretical perspective to examine the suitability of ‘gangs’ as a target of explanation and the appropriateness of current definitional approaches. First, we examine the validity and utility of the gang construct. It is concluded that the gang label has poor construct validity and limited explanatory utility, thereby making it unsuitable for theoretical purposes. Instead, we suggest that researchers need to focus on what gangs are at a foundati...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - March 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The role of media exposure on relational aggression: A meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2019Source: Aggression and Violent BehaviorAuthor(s): Nicole Martins, Andrew WeaverAbstractWe conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies that examined the effects of media exposure on relationally aggressive behaviors and cognitions (a total of 66 effect sizes, N = (20,990). Across all types of aggressive content, there was a small positive effect (r = 0.15) on relational aggression. However, a comparison of effects sizes demonstrate that exposure to relational aggression had the strongest effect (r = 0.21), whereas exposure to non-specific media content had the weakest ...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - March 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Associations between individual-level characteristics and exposure to physically violent behavior among young people experiencing homelessness: A meta-analysis
This study presents a meta-analysis exploring associations between characteristics of young people experiencing homelessness (individual-level factors) and exposure to physically violent behavior, both as perpetrators and as victims. A series of meta-analyses using random effects models were conducted, examining 426 effect sizes, calculated from findings across 26 studies. Data were analyzed from 8842 homeless young people, aged 13–26 years from North America. Individual-level factors were significantly associated with both perpetration of physically violent behavior (OR 4.87, p < .0001) and physical violence v...
Source: Aggression and Violent Behavior - March 17, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
