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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Protocols for Biotechnological Interventions in Improvement of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews.)
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews (syn. V. fragrans Salisb.), a native of Central America, is the primary source of natural vanillin and plays a major role in the global economy. The gene pool of vanilla is threatened by deforestation and overcollection that has resulted in disappearance of natural habitats and wild species. Continuous vegetative propagation and lack of natural seed set and sufficient variations in the gene pool hamper crop improvement programs. In vitro techniques, one of the key tools of plant biotechnology, can be employed for overcoming specific problems, viz. production of disease-free clones, induc...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Shoot Tip Meristem Cryopreservation of Hypericum Species
Based on our long-standing experience with in vitro culture of Hypericum perforatum, a clonal multiplication system and vitrification-based cryopreservation protocols have been applied to several Hypericum species: H. humifusum L., H. annulatum Moris, H. tomentosum L., H. tetrapterum Fries, H. pulchrum L., and H. rumeliacum Boiss. The shoot tips were cryopreserved using a uniform procedure that includes pretreatment with abscisic acid (ABA), PVS3 cryoprotection, and direct immersion into the liquid nitrogen (LN). The freezing-tolerant Hypericum species were pre-exposed to the cold acclimation conditions performed by a 7-da...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
In Vitro Mass Propagation of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., a Medicinal Gramineae
Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. is a medicinal plant source of lemon grass oils with multiple uses in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Conventional propagation in semisolid culture medium has become a fast tool for mass propagation of lemon grass, but the production cost must be lower. A solution could be the application of in vitro propagation methods based on liquid culture advantages and automation. This chapter provides two efficient protocols for in vitro propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of this medicinal plant. Firstly, we report the production of shoots using a temporary immersion syste...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
In Vitro Culture and Phytochemical Analysis of Passiflora tenuifila Killip and Passiflora setacea DC (Passifloraceae)
We have developed reproducible micropropagation, callus culture, phytochemical, and antioxidant analysis protocols for the wild passion fruit species P. tenuifila, and P. setacea, native to the Brazilian endangered biomes Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga, by using seeds and explants from seedlings and adult plants. Genotype and explant origin-linked differences are visible amongst the Passiflora species concerning callus production, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity. The protocols developed for screening phytochemicals and antioxidants in P. tenuifila and P. setacea callus extracts have shown their potential ...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Hairy Root Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. to Produce Gymnemic Acid
Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is an endangered species extensively used in the management of diabetes, obesity, and treatment of various diseases. Uncontrolled exploitation to meet the increasing demand and low seed viability hastens the disappearance of the plant from its natural habitat. Hairy root culture provides a suitable alternative for the enhanced production of active principles. The current protocol provides the optimized culture conditions for the establishment of hairy root cultures and elicitation studies and also confirmation of stable integration of A. rhizogenes plasmid T-DNA into host genetic m...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Protocols for In Vitro Propagation, Conservation, Synthetic Seed Production, Embryo Rescue, Microrhizome Production, Molecular Profiling, and Genetic Transformation in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.)
Ginger is a rhizomatous plant that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial but cultivated as annual, with crop duration of 7–10 months. Ginger is native to India and Tropical South Asia. The tuberous rhizomes or underground stems of ginger are used as condiment, an aromatic stimulant, and food preservative as well as in traditional medicine. Ginger is propagated vegetatively with rhizome bits as seed material. Cultivation of ginger is plagued by rhizome rot diseases, most of which are mainly spread through infected seed rhizomes. Micropropagation will help in production of disease-free plant...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Protocols for In Vitro Propagation, Conservation, Synthetic Seed Production, Microrhizome Production, and Molecular Profiling in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Turmeric is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial but cultivated as annual, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. It is a native of India and South East Asia. The tuberous rhizomes or underground stems of turmeric are used from antiquity as condiments, a dye and as an aromatic stimulant in several medicines. Turmeric is an important crop in India and it is used as a spice, food preservative, coloring agent, cosmetic as well as for its medicinal properties. Propagation is done vegetatively with rhizome bits as seed materials. It is plagued by rhizome rot diseases most of which are mainly spread through infected seed rhizomes....
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Protocols for Improvement of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Utilizing Biotechnological Tools
Black pepper, Piper nigrum L., the “King of spices” is the most widely used spice growing in the South-Western region of India. The humid tropical evergreen forest bordering the Malabar Coast (Western Ghats is one of the hot spot areas of plant bio-diversity on earth) is its center of origin and diversity. However, the crop faces constraints like rampant fungal and viral diseases, lack of disease free planting material, hence biotechnological tools can be utilized to address these problems and strides have been made successfully. The standardization of micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro conservat...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Somatic Embryogenesis of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Through Cell Suspension Culture
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the oldest and most economically important plant species distributed in the hot arid regions of the world. Propagation of date palm by seeds produces heterogeneous offspring with inferior field performance and poor fruit quality. Traditionally, date palm is propagated by offshoots, but this method is inefficient for mass propagation because of limited availability of offshoots. Plant regeneration through tissue culture is able to provide technologies for the large-scale propagation of healthy true-to-type plants. The most commonly used technology approach is somatic embryogenesis which...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
In Vitro Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Stem Explants of Ceropegia noorjahaniae, a Critically Endangered Medicinal Herb
An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro regeneration of a large number of plantlets of Ceropegia noorjahaniae Ansari via indirect organogenesis from stem explants excised from in vitro-germinated seedlings. The callus was efficiently induced from the stem explants using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins and their combinations. The highest number of shoots (16.0 ± 0.2) and shoot length (5.5 ± 0.1 cm) was achieved when the callus was subcultured to MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, BAP (2.0 mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid, IAA (0.2 m...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
In Vitro and Cryopreservation Techniques for Conservation of Snow Mountain Garlic
Garlic is an important medicinal herb of culinary value by imparting its flavors and odors to the food. Allicin, a notable flavonoid in garlic, is a powerful antibiotic and antifungal compound. Due to poor bioavailability, garlic is of limited use for oral human consumption. Being sexually sterile, propagation of garlic is done by individual cloves from a bulb which increases the chances of transfer of viral diseases. In this chapter, an efficient and improved regeneration protocol for explant establishment and shoot multiplication under in vitro conditions is described. A high rate of shoot multiplication is obtained on M...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Construction of Hypericin Gland-Specific cDNA Library via Suppression Subtractive Hybridization
Hypericin, an important determinant of the pharmacological properties of the genus Hypericum, is considered as a major molecule for drug development. However, biosynthesis and accumulation of hypericin is not well understood. Identification of genes differentially expressed in tissues with and without hypericin accumulation is a useful strategy to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of the dark glands and hypericin biosynthesis. Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) is a unique method for PCR-based amplification of specific cDNA fragments that differ between a control (driver) and experimental (tester...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
In Vitro Propagation and Conservation of Withania somnifera (Dunal) L.
Plant tissue culture offers several techniques for rapid clonal propagation, germplasm conservation, regeneration of genetically manipulated superior clones, production of phyto-constituents, and ex vitro conservation of valuable phytodiversity. An improved and efficient micropropagation protocol for Withania somnifera (L.), a drug-producing medicinal plant, using juvenile explants (nodal explants) has been developed. Highest multiplication and subsequent elongation of shoots is observed on MS medium containing BA and NAA. The regenerated microshoots roots best on ½ MS medium containing NAA, established in earthen p...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Transcript Quantification of Genes Involved in Steviol Glycoside Biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a medicinal plant having sweet, diterpenoid glycosides known as steviol glycosides which are 200–300 times sweeter than sucrose (0.4 % solution). They are synthesized mainly in the leaves via plastid localized 2-C-methyl-D-erythrose-4-phosphate pathway (MEP pathway). Fifteen genes are involved in the formation of these glycosides. In the present protocol, a method for the quantification of transcripts of these genes is shown. The work involves RNA extraction and cDNA preparation, and therefore, procedures for the confirmation of DNA-free cDNA preparation have also been illustrate...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Protocols for In Vitro Mass Multiplication and Analysis of Medicinally Important Phenolics of a Salep Orchid, Satyrium nepalense D.Don (“Salam Mishri”)
Satyrium nepalense is a rare and threatened medicinal orchid, populations of which in its native habitats are dwindling because of indiscriminate collections and habitat destruction, thus necessitating the development of methods for its in situ and ex situ conservation. Because of non-endospermous nature of the seeds and the immature embryos at seed dispersal stage, orchids cannot be seed-propagated as other plants. Micropropagation, using plant tissue culture techniques, offers an effective method for the multiplication of orchids. In this chapter, a five-step efficient reproducible protocol for large-scale in vitro multi...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Plant Sciences - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news
