Springer protocols feed by Immunology 
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Development of Antibody-Based Vaccines Targeting the Tumor Vasculature
A functional vasculature is essential for tumor progression and malignant cell metastasis. Endothelial cells lining blood vessels in the tumor are exposed to a unique microenvironment, which in turn induces expression of specific proteins designated as tumor endothelial markers (TEMs). TEMs either localized at the plasma membrane or secreted into the extracellular matrix are accessible for antibody targeting, which can be either infused or generated de novo via vaccination. (Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology)
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Preconditioning Vaccine Sites for mRNA-Transfected Dendritic Cell Therapy and Antitumor Efficacy
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-transfected dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have been shown to be a powerful modality for eliciting antitumor immune responses in mice and humans; however, their application has not been fully optimized since many of the factors that contribute to their efficacy remain poorly understood. Work stemming from our laboratory has recently demonstrated that preconditioning the vaccine site with a recall antigen prior to the administration of a dendritic cell vaccine creates systemic recall responses and resultantly enhances dendritic cell migration to the lymph nodes with improved antitumor efficacy. This chapt...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine Strategies and Clinical Results
Active cancer immunotherapy is an exciting and developing field in oncology research. Peptide vaccines, the use of isolated immunogenic tumor-associated antigen (TAA) epitopes to generate an anticancer immune response, are an attractive option as they are easily produced and administered with minimal toxicity. Multiple TAA-derived peptides have been identified and evaluated with various vaccine strategies currently in clinical testing. Research suggests that utilizing vaccines in patients with minimal-residual disease may be a more effective strategy compared to targeting patients with widely metastatic disease as it avoid...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
T-Cell Epitope Discovery for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines
The success of recent immune checkpoint blockade trials in solid tumors has demonstrated the tremendous potential of immune-mediated treatment strategies for cancer therapy. These immune therapies activate preexisting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) to selectively target and eradicate malignant cells. In vitro models suggest that these therapies may be more effective in combination with priming of CTL using cancer vaccines. CTL-mediated tumor targeting is achieved by its recognition of tumor antigenic epitopes presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules by tumor cells. Discovering CTL-antigenic epitopes is th...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Dendritic Cell Vaccines
Exploitation of the patient’s own immune system to induce antitumor immune responses using dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy has been established in early clinical trials as a safe and promising therapeutic approach for cancer. However, their limited success in larger clinical trials highlights the need to optimize DC vaccine preparations. This chapter describes the methodologies utilized for the preparation of the DC vaccine most commonly used in clinical trials. Optional variations at different stages in DC vaccine preparation, based on the nature of antigen, delivery of antigen, maturation stimuli, and mode of adm...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Cancer Vaccines: A Brief Overview
Vaccine approaches for cancer differ from traditional vaccine approaches for infectious disease in tending to focus on clearing active disease rather than preventing disease. In this review, we provide a brief overview of different types of vaccines and adjuvants that have been investigated for the purpose of controlling cancer burdens in patients, some of which are approved for clinical use or in late-stage clinical trials, such as the personalized dendritic cell vaccine sipuleucel-T (Provenge) and the recombinant viral prostate cancer vaccine PSA-TRICOM (Prostvac-VF). Vaccines against human viruses implicated in the deve...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Principles of Vaccination
While many of the currently available vaccines have been developed empirically, with limited understanding on how they activate the immune system and elicit protective immunity, the recent progress in basic sciences like immunology, microbiology, genetics, and molecular biology has fostered our understanding on the interaction of microorganisms with the human immune system. In consequence, modern vaccine development strongly builds on the precise knowledge of the biology of microbial pathogens, their interaction with the human immune system, as well as their capacity to counteract and evade innate and adaptive immune mecha...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Future Challenges for Vaccinologists
Vaccination is one of the cheapest health-care interventions that have saved more lives than any other drugs or therapies. Due to successful immunization programs we rarely hear about some of the common diseases of the early twentieth century including small pox and polio. Vaccination programs have also helped to increase food production notably poultry, cattle, and milk production due to lower incidence of infectious diseases in farm animals. Though vaccination programs have eradicated several diseases and increased the quality of life there are several diseases that have no effective vaccines. Currently there are no vacc...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Clinical Impact of Vaccine Development
The discovery and development of immunization has been a singular improvement in the health of mankind. This chapter reviews currently available vaccines, their historical development, and impact on public health. Specific mention is made in regard to the challenges and pursuit of a vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus as well as the unfounded link between autism and measles vaccination. (Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology)
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Erratum
(Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology)
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - April 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Investigating the Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Mouse Models of Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most lethal cancer world-wide, and the poor overall 5-year survival rate of <25 % for GC is largely due to both the late detection of this aggressive disease and limited effectiveness of current treatment options. Collectively, these observations underscore the need to identify new molecular targets (i.e., genes) to serve as biomarkers for early detection and/or treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. While GC represents a growing number of cancers whereby deregulation of the immune system is linked to tumor initiation and progression, the identity of innate immune regulators ...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - January 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
The Use of MiRNA Antagonists in the Alleviation of Inflammatory Disorders
Toll-like receptors (TLR), a family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) stimulated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), generate antigen-triggered innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent studies have indicated that several small, regulatory RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNas), are induced by TLR activation in immune cells and that many microRNAs can control the inflammatory process and response to infection by positively or negatively regulating TLR signaling. Among these miRNAs, aberrant microRNA-155 (miR-155) has been implicated in diverse immune processes including the pathogenesis of several autoimmu...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - January 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Delineating the Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Neuro-inflammation Model EAE
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most relevant and commonly used animal model to study autoimmune demyelinating diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In EAE, the activation of CD4+ T-cells is considered to be the main trigger leading to inflammation and central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most important and first class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune system and play critical roles in initiating inflammatory responses and promoting adaptive immune responses due to their ability to recognize a wide range of pathogen associated molecula...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - January 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Investigating the Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Models of Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation leading to tissue destruction and progressive loss of joint function. Here we describe two methods that can be used to assess the contribution of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their potential ligands, to RA pathogenesis. We focus on the antigen-induced model of murine arthritis and human synovial tissue explant models. Both enable detection of TLR, and TLR ligand, expression, as well as investigation of the effect of inhibition of these molecules. Each offers a unique insight into disease; with murine models allowi...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - January 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
Allergens and Activation of the Toll-Like Receptor Response
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) provide a crucial function in the detection of exogenous and endogenous danger signals. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were the first family of PRRs to be discovered and have been extensively studied since. Whilst TLRs remain the best characterized family of PRRs there is still much to be learnt about their mode of activation and the mechanisms of signal transduction they employ. Much of our understanding of these processes has been gathered through the use of cell based signaling assays utilizing specific gene-reporters or cytokine secretion based readouts. More recently it has become ...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Immunology - January 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: news
