Effects of task instructions and topic signaling on text processing among adult readers with different reading styles: An eye-tracking study
Publication date: December 2019Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 64Author(s): Dexiang Zhang, Jukka Hyönä, Lei Cui, Zhaoxia Zhu, Shouxin LiAbstractEffects of task instructions and topic signaling on text processing among adult readers with different reading styles were studied by eye-tracking. In Experiment 1, readers read two multiple-topic expository texts guided either by a summary or a verification task. In Experiment 2, readers read a text with or without the topic sentences underlined. Four types of readers emerged: topic structure processors (TSPs), fast linear readers (FLRs), slow linear readers (SLRs), and...
Source: Learning and Instruction - August 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Enhanced monitoring accuracy and test performance: Incremental effects of judgment training over and above repeated testing
Publication date: February 2020Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 65Author(s): Marion Händel, Bettina Harder, Markus DreselAbstractFrom a self-regulated learning perspective, adequate monitoring of own learning processes and outcomes is crucial to regulate one's own learning effectively. Research on metacognitive judgments, however, clearly indicates that students frequently overestimate their actual performance. Therefore, the present study with N = 209 undergraduate students aimed to support students in developing accurate judgments in order to improve learning processes and, eventually, performance. A quasi-e...
Source: Learning and Instruction - August 18, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The role of rational number density knowledge in mathematical development
Publication date: February 2020Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 65Author(s): Jake McMullen, Jo Van HoofAbstractMany students still have not developed a robust understanding of rational number concepts at the end of primary school, despite several years of instruction on the topic. The present study aims to examine the patterns, predictors, and outcomes of the development of rational number knowledge in lower secondary school. Latent transition analysis revealed that rational number development from primary to lower secondary school (N = 362) appears to follow similar patterns as in younger students. In particul...
Source: Learning and Instruction - August 18, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Teachers’ viewpoints about an educational reform concerning multilingualism in German-speaking Switzerland
In conclusion, the current study shows the need for a continuation of professional development and establishment of supportive school conditions for the implementation of this large-scale innovation endeavour in the context under scrutiny. (Source: Learning and Instruction)
Source: Learning and Instruction - August 15, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Schema abstraction with productive failure and analogical comparison: Learning designs for far across domain transfer
This article reports on classroom-based research in which students learned about complex systems and climate change with agent-based computer models using two different instructional approaches based on productive failure (PF). In both PF approaches, students initially explored a problem space on their own and then received teacher-led instruction. One treatment group used climate computer models whereas the other group engaged in analogical comparisons between the same climate computer models and complexity computer models in different domains. The study found both groups demonstrated significant learning gains by posttes...
Source: Learning and Instruction - August 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotions are the experiential glue of learning environments in the 21st century
This article comments on the five papers published in this special issue on understanding and measuring emotions in technology-rich learning environments. The articles identify a number of emotions that frequently occur in digital learning environments across different tasks, goals, populations, and subject matters. The Control Value Theory of achievement emotions unifies the research reported in the articles, whereas social emotions surface in contexts where there are significant social interactions, such as group learning or the training of medical students. The emotions that were detected and tracked in the reported stu...
Source: Learning and Instruction - July 31, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Generating an instructional video as homework activity is both effective and enjoyable
Publication date: December 2019Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 64Author(s): Vincent Hoogerheide, Joran Visee, Andreas Lachner, Tamara van GogAbstractResearch with adolescent and university students has shown that after studying a text, teaching its content to a fictitious peer on camera fosters learning compared to restudying. We investigated the effects of generating a teaching video during homework in a sample of primary school students (N = 131) in comparison to restudying and summarizing. Students were provided with a text and a homework assignment over the weekend. The Restudy Condition was instructed to ...
Source: Learning and Instruction - July 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
An intervention to help teachers establish a prosocial peer climate in physical education
Publication date: December 2019Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 64Author(s): Sung Hyeon Cheon, Johnmarshall Reeve, Nikos NtoumanisAbstractWhen teachers participate in an autonomy-supportive intervention program (ASIP), they learn how to adopt a motivating style toward students that is capable of increasing need satisfaction and decreasing need frustration. Given this, we tested whether an ASIP experience might additionally help teachers establish a peer-to-peer classroom climate that is capable of increasing prosocial behavior and decreasing antisocial behavior. Forty-two secondary grade-level physical education te...
Source: Learning and Instruction - July 13, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Does restricting hand gestures impair mathematical reasoning?
Publication date: December 2019Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 64Author(s): Candace Walkington, Dawn Woods, Mitchell J. Nathan, Geoffrey Chelule, Min WangAbstractGestures are associated with powerful forms of understanding; however, their causative role in mathematics reasoning is less clear. We inhibit college students' gestures by restraining their hands, and examine the impact on language, recall, intuition, and mathematical justifications of geometric conjectures. We test four mutually exclusive hypotheses: (1) gestures are facilitative, through cognitive off-loading, verbal support, or transduction, (2) gestu...
Source: Learning and Instruction - July 13, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Understanding the progress in mathematics of Chinese adolescents: Significant impacts from the socioeconomic status and the academic expectations of primary caregivers
This study aimed to provide new empirical evidence on both issues by examining the maths attainment of a cohort of Chinese adolescents (n = 1407) over a 5-year period (2010–2014) and how maths attainment was related to SES and PCG academic expectations. Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling revealed that both SES and PCG academic expectations exerted positive effects on maths progress. Over time, the effect of SES became increasingly internalized within past maths attainment. Further, higher academic expectations from PCGs lessened the difference in maths attainment between students from lower and higher SES famili...
Source: Learning and Instruction - July 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Examining the interplay of affect and self regulation in the context of clinical reasoning
Publication date: Available online 28 June 2019Source: Learning and InstructionAuthor(s): Susanne P. Lajoie, Juan Zheng, Shan Li, Amanda Jarrell, Maren GubeAbstractThere is an active strand of research on how affect and self-regulatory activities influence performance and learning outcomes, but the mechanisms through which they interact during learning remain poorly understood. Additionally, these constructs have been under-researched in medical education. Using multimodal data in the context of a clinical reasoning task for medical students learning case diagnosis, we explored the temporal nature of cognition, affect, mot...
Source: Learning and Instruction - June 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Transformative Dialogic Literature Teaching fosters adolescents’ insight into human nature and motivation
Publication date: October 2019Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 63Author(s): Marloes Schrijvers, Tanja Janssen, Olivia Fialho, Sven de Maeyer, Gert RijlaarsdamAbstractThis quasi-experimental study assessed the effects of the newly developed Transformative Dialogic Literature Teaching (TDLT) intervention on 15-year-old students' insight into human nature, eudaimonic reasons for reading, use of reading strategies, and motivation for literature education. Six TDLT units centered around short stories about “justice and injustice”. Students were stimulated to engage in internal dialogues with stories and in external ...
Source: Learning and Instruction - June 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What can moment-by-moment learning curves tell about students’ self-regulated learning?
Publication date: Available online 21 June 2019Source: Learning and InstructionAuthor(s): Inge Molenaar, Anne Horvers, Ryan S. BakerAbstractMany students in primary education learn arithmetic using adaptive learning technologies (ALTs) on tablets every day. Driven by developments in the emerging field of learning analytics, these technologies adjust problems based on learners' performance. Yet, until now it is largely unclear how students regulate their learning with ALTs. Hence, we explored how learners regulate their effort, accuracy and learning with an ALT using moment-by-moment learning curves. The results indicated t...
Source: Learning and Instruction - June 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Searching for the role of emotions in e-learning
Publication date: Available online 21 June 2019Source: Learning and InstructionAuthor(s): Richard E. MayerAbstractThis special issue of Learning and Instruction examines the role of emotions in academic learning, with a special focus on emotions in computer-supported academic learning (or e-learning). Three central research challenges concerning emotion in e-learning are: identification (e.g., what are the key emotions in e-learning?), measurement (e.g., how can we tell how strongly a learner is experiencing each key emotion during e-learning?), and explanation (e.g., what are the causes and consequences of the learner's e...
Source: Learning and Instruction - June 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Learning by arguing
Publication date: October 2019Source: Learning and Instruction, Volume 63Author(s): Kalypso Iordanou, Deanna Kuhn, Flora Matos, Yuchen Shi, Laura HembergerAbstractCan argumentation practice simultaneously promote knowledge acquisition while advancing skill in the practice itself? We examine the effectiveness of a dialog-based argument curriculum in fostering middle-school students' knowledge acquisition as well as dialogic and written argumentation skill with respect to a content-rich, socially significant topic. Results of two studies, one involving a physical science topic and the other a social topic, showed a single in...
Source: Learning and Instruction - June 22, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
