Avenues of reef-building coral acclimatization in response to rapid environmental change [REVIEW]
Hollie M. Putnam
The swiftly changing climate presents a challenge to organismal fitness by creating a mismatch between the current environment and phenotypes adapted to historic conditions. Acclimatory mechanisms may be especially crucial for sessile benthic marine taxa, such as reef-building corals, where climate change factors including ocean acidification and increasing temperature elicit strong negative physiological responses such as bleaching, disease and mortality. Here, within the context of multiple stressors threatening marine organisms, I describe the wealth of metaorganism response mechanisms to rapid ocean c...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Putnam, H. M. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
The role of mechanistic physiology in investigating impacts of global warming on fishes [REVIEW]
Sjannie Lefevre, Tobias Wang, and David J. McKenzie
Warming of aquatic environments as a result of climate change is already having measurable impacts on fishes, manifested as changes in phenology, range shifts and reductions in body size. Understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying these seemingly universal patterns is crucial if we are to reliably predict the fate of fish populations with future warming. This includes an understanding of mechanisms for acute thermal tolerance, as extreme heatwaves may be a major driver of observed effects. The hypothesis of gill oxygen limitation (GOL) is claimed to explain as...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Lefevre, S., Wang, T., McKenzie, D. J. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Dealing with predictable and unpredictable temperatures in a climate change context: the case of parasitoids and their hosts [REVIEW]
Cecile Le Lann, Joan van Baaren, and Bertanne Visser
The Earth's climate is changing at a rapid pace. To survive in increasingly fluctuating and unpredictable environments, species can either migrate or evolve through rapid local adaptation, plasticity and/or bet-hedging. For small ectotherm insects, like parasitoids and their hosts, phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging could be critical strategies for population and species persistence in response to immediate, intense and unpredictable temperature changes. Here, we focus on studies evaluating phenotypic responses to variable predictable thermal conditions (for which ph...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Le Lann, C., van Baaren, J., Visser, B. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Climate impacts on organisms, ecosystems and human societies: integrating OCLTT into a wider context [REVIEW]
Hans-O. Pörtner
Physiological studies contribute to a cause and effect understanding of ecological patterns under climate change and identify the scope and limits of adaptation. Across most habitats, this requires analyzing organism responses to warming, which can be modified by other drivers such as acidification and oxygen loss in aquatic environments or excess humidity or drought on land. Experimental findings support the hypothesis that the width and temperature range of thermal performance curves relate to biogeographical range. Current warming causes range shifts, hypothesized to include constraints in aerob...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Pörtner, H.-O. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Towards more integration of physiology, dispersal and land-use change to understand the responses of species to climate change [REVIEW]
Christian Hof
The accelerating biodiversity crisis, for which climate change has become an important driver, urges the scientific community for answers to the question of whether and how species are capable of responding successfully to rapidly changing climatic conditions. For a better understanding and more realistic predictions of species' and biodiversity responses, the consideration of extrinsic (i.e. environment-related) and intrinsic (i.e. organism-related) factors is important, among which four appear to be particularly crucial: climate change and land-use change, as extrinsic factors, as well as physiology and di...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Hof, C. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
How dryland mammals will respond to climate change: the effects of body size, heat load and a lack of food and water [REVIEW]
Andrea Fuller, Duncan Mitchell, Shane K. Maloney, Robyn S. Hetem, Vinicius F. C. Fonseca, Leith C. R. Meyer, Tanja M. F. N. van de Ven, and Edward P. Snelling
Mammals in drylands are facing not only increasing heat loads but also reduced water and food availability as a result of climate change. Insufficient water results in suppression of evaporative cooling and therefore increases in body core temperature on hot days, while lack of food reduces the capacity to maintain body core temperature on cold nights. Both food and water shortage will narrow the prescriptive zone, the ambient temperature range over which body core ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Fuller, A., Mitchell, D., Maloney, S. K., Hetem, R. S., Fonseca, V. F. C., Meyer, L. C. R., van de Ven, T. M. F. N., Snelling, E. P. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Bioenergetics in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance of aquatic ectotherms: linking physiology and ecology in a multi-stressor landscape [REVIEW]
Inna Sokolova
Energy metabolism (encompassing energy assimilation, conversion and utilization) plays a central role in all life processes and serves as a link between the organismal physiology, behavior and ecology. Metabolic rates define the physiological and life-history performance of an organism, have direct implications for Darwinian fitness, and affect ecologically relevant traits such as the trophic relationships, productivity and ecosystem engineering functions. Natural environmental variability and anthropogenic changes expose aquatic ectotherms to multiple stressors that can strongly affect their energy metaboli...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Sokolova, I. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Predicting the effects of climate change on incubation in reptiles: methodological advances and new directions [REVIEW]
A. L. Carter and Fredric J. Janzen
The unprecedented advancement of global climate change is affecting thermal conditions across spatial and temporal scales. Reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) are uniquely vulnerable to even fine-scale variation in incubation conditions and are a model system for investigating the impacts of shifting temperatures on key physiological and life-history traits. The ways in which current and predicted future climatic conditions translate from macro- to ultra-fine scale temperature traces in subterranean nests is insufficiently understood. Reliably predicting the ways ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Carter, A. L., Janzen, F. J. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Physiological adaptation to cities as a proxy to forecast global-scale responses to climate change [REVIEW]
Sarah E. Diamond and Ryan A. Martin
Cities are emerging as a new venue to overcome the challenges of obtaining data on compensatory responses to climatic warming through phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary change. In this Review, we highlight how cities can be used to explore physiological trait responses to experimental warming, and also how cities can be used as human-made space-for-time substitutions. We assessed the current literature and found evidence for significant plasticity and evolution in thermal tolerance trait responses to urban heat islands. For those studies that reported both plastic and evolved compon...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Diamond, S. E., Martin, R. A. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Thermoregulation in desert birds: scaling and phylogenetic variation in heat tolerance and evaporative cooling [REVIEW]
Andrew E. McKechnie, Alexander R. Gerson, and Blair O. Wolf
Evaporative heat dissipation is a key aspect of avian thermoregulation in hot environments. We quantified variation in avian thermoregulatory performance at high air temperatures (Ta) using published data on body temperature (Tb), evaporative water loss (EWL) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured under standardized conditions of very low humidity in 56 arid-zone species. Maximum Tb during acute heat exposure varied from 42.5±1.3°C in caprimulgids to 44.5±0.5°C in passerines. Among passerines, both maximum Tb and the difference between ma...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: McKechnie, A. E., Gerson, A. R., Wolf, B. O. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Diving in hot water: a meta-analytic review of how diving vertebrate ectotherms will fare in a warmer world [REVIEW]
Essie M. Rodgers, Craig E. Franklin, and Daniel W. A. Noble
Diving ectothermic vertebrates are an important component of many aquatic ecosystems, but the threat of climate warming is particularly salient to this group. Dive durations typically decrease as water temperatures rise; yet, we lack an understanding of whether this trend is apparent in all diving ectotherms and how this group will fare under climate warming. We compiled data from 27 studies on 20 ectothermic vertebrate species to quantify the effect of temperature on dive durations. Using meta-analytic approaches, we show that, on average, dive durations decreas...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Rodgers, E. M., Franklin, C. E., Noble, D. W. A. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Physiological consequences of Arctic sea ice loss on large marine carnivores: unique responses by polar bears and narwhals [REVIEW]
Anthony M. Pagano and Terrie M. Williams
Rapid environmental changes in the Arctic are threatening the survival of marine species that rely on the predictable presence of the sea ice. Two Arctic marine mammal specialists, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros), appear especially vulnerable to the speed and capriciousness of sea ice deterioration as a consequence of their unique hunting behaviors and diet, as well as their physiological adaptations for slow-aerobic exercise. These intrinsic characteristics limit the ability of these species to respond to extrinsic threats associated with environme...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Pagano, A. M., Williams, T. M. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Shifts in the relative fitness contributions of fecundity and survival in variable and changing environments [REVIEW]
Lauren B. Buckley, Sean D. Schoville, and Caroline M. Williams
Organisms respond to shifts in climate means and variability via distinct mechanisms. Accounting for these differential responses and appropriately aggregating them is central to understanding and predicting responses to climate variability and change. Separately considering fitness components can clarify organismal responses: fecundity is primarily an integrated, additive response to chronic environmental conditions over time via mechanisms such as energy use and acquisition, whereas survival can be strongly influenced by short-term, extreme environmental con...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Buckley, L. B., Schoville, S. D., Williams, C. M. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change REVIEW Source Type: research
Correction: Optic flow stabilizes flight in ruby-throated hummingbirds [CORRECTION]
Ivo G. Ros and Andrew A. Biewener (Source: Journal of Experimental Biology)
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Ros, I. G., Biewener, A. A. Tags: CORRECTION Source Type: research
Correction: The biomechanics of knuckle-walking: 3-D kinematics of the chimpanzee and macaque wrist, hand and fingers [CORRECTION]
Nathan E. Thompson (Source: Journal of Experimental Biology)
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - February 24, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Thompson, N. E. Tags: CORRECTION Source Type: research
