Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson, Ugo Bussy, Skye D. Fissette, Anne M. Scott, and Weiming Li Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effect...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 23, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Chung-Davidson, Y.-W., Bussy, U., Fissette, S. D., Scott, A. M., Li, W. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Daily temperature cycles prolong lifespan and have sex-specific effects on peripheral clock gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Grace H. Goh, Dominique Blache, Peter J. Mark, W. Jason Kennington, and Shane K. Maloney Circadian rhythms optimize health by coordinating the timing of physiological processes to match predictable daily environmental challenges. The circadian rhythm of body temperature is thought to be an important modulator of molecular clocks in peripheral tissues, but how daily temperature cycles impact physiological function is unclear. Here, we examined the effect of constant (25°C, TCON) and cycling (28°C/22°C during light/dark, TCYC) temperature paradigms on lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, and the expression of clo...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 23, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Goh, G. H., Blache, D., Mark, P. J., Kennington, W. J., Maloney, S. K. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A thermoregulatory role of the medullary raphe in birds [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Caroline Cristina-Silva, Luciane H. Gargaglioni, and Kenia Cardoso Bicego The brainstem region medullary raphe modulates non-shivering and shivering thermogenesis and cutaneous vasomotion in rodents. Whether the same scenario occurs in the other endothermic group, i.e. birds, is still unknown. Therefore, we hypothesised that the medullary raphe modulates heat gain and loss thermoeffectors in birds. We investigated the effect of glutamatergic and GABAergic inhibitions in this specific region on body temperature (Tb), oxygen consumption (thermogenesis), ventilation (O2 supply in cold, thermal tachypnea in heat) and heat loss...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 23, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Cristina-Silva, C., Gargaglioni, L. H., Bicego, K. C. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Eat yourself sexy: how selective macronutrient intake influences the expression of a visual signal in common mynas [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Chloe Peneaux, Gabriel E. Machovsky-Capuska, John A. Endler, and Andrea S. Griffin Producing colored signals often requires consuming dietary carotenoid pigments. Evidence that food deprivation can reduce coloration, however, raises the question of whether other dietary nutrients contribute to signal coloration, and furthermore, whether individuals can voluntarily select food combinations to achieve optimal coloration. We created a 2-way factorial design to manipulate macronutrient and carotenoid access in common mynas (Acridotheres tristis) and measured eye patch coloration as a function of the food combinations individua...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 23, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Peneaux, C., Machovsky-Capuska, G. E., Endler, J. A., Griffin, A. S. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Pollen protein and lipid content influence resilience to insecticides in honey bees (Apis mellifera) [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Makaylee K. Crone and Christina M. Grozinger In honey bees (Apis mellifera), there is growing evidence that the impacts of multiple stressors can be mitigated by quality nutrition. Pollen, which is the primary source of protein and lipids in bees diets, is particularly critical for generating more resilient phenotypes. Here, we evaluate the relationship between pollen protein-to-lipid ratios (P:Ls) and honey bee insecticide resilience. We hypothesized that pollen diets richer in lipids would lead to increased survival in bees exposed to insecticides, as pollen-derived lipids have previously been shown to improve bee resili...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 23, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Crone, M. K., Grozinger, C. M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
High temperature impairs mitochondrial function in rainbow trout cardiac mitochondria [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Jakob Michaelsen, Angela Fago, and Amanda Bundgaard Mitochondria provides cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation, and thus temperature-induced constraints on mitochondrial function may be crucial to animal aerobic scope and thermal tolerance. Here, we report the effect of temperature in the range 5-30°C on respiration rates of isolated cardiac mitochondria from rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) studied by high-resolution respirometry and spectrophotometric enzyme activity assays. Arrhenius breakpoint temperature analysis indicated that mitochondrial respiration rates under phosphorylating and fully uncouple...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 23, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Michaelsen, J., Fago, A., Bundgaard, A. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effects of food intake and hydration state on behavioral thermoregulation and locomotor activity in the tropidurid lizard Tropidurus catalanensis [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Dylan J. Padilla Perez, Jose E. de Carvalho, and Carlos A. Navas
Theoretical models predict that lizards adjust their body temperature through behavioral thermoregulation as a function of food availability. However, behavioral thermoregulation is also governed by interactions among physiological and ecological factors other than food availability, such as hydration state, and sometimes it can even conflict with the locomotor activity of animals. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of food intake and hydration state on behavioral thermoregulation and voluntary locomotor activity in the lizard Tropidurus catalanensis. We...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 22, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Padilla Perez, D. J., de Carvalho, J. E., Navas, C. A. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cardiorespiratory adjustments to chronic environmental warming improve hypoxia tolerance in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
We examined European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Biotest enclosure (23°C, Biotest population), a unique ~1 km2 ecosystem artificially warmed by cooling water from a nuclear power plant, and an adjacent reference site (16–18°C, reference population). Specifically, we evaluated how acute and chronic warming affect routine oxygen consumption rate (MO2,routine) and cardiovascular performance in acute hypoxia, alongside assessment of the thermal acclimation of the aerobic contribution to hypoxia tolerance (critical O2 tension for MO2,routine: Pcrit) and absolute hypoxia tolerance (O2 tension at loss of...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 22, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Ekström, A., Sundell, E., Morgenroth, D., McArley, T., Gardmark, A., Huss, M., Sandblom, E. Tags: Ecophysiology: responses to environmental stressors and change RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Jaw kinematics and tongue protraction-retraction during Chewing and drinking in the pig [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
The objective of this study is to compare jaw and tongue kinematics during chewing and drinking in pigs. We hypothesize there will be differences in jaw gape cycle dynamics and tongue protraction-retraction between behaviors. Mastication cycles had an extended slow-close phase, reflecting tooth-food-tooth contact, whereas drinking cycles had an extended slow-open phase, corresponding to tongue protrusion into the liquid. Compared to chewing, drinking jaw movements were of lower magnitude for all degrees of freedom examined (jaw protraction, yaw, and pitch), and were bilaterally symmetrical with virtually no yaw. The magnit...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 22, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Olson, R. A., Montuelle, S. J., Chadwell, B. A., Curtis, H., Williams, S. H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Fruit fly mitochondria switch fuel when the going gets hot [INSIDE JEB]
Kathryn Knight (Source: Journal of Experimental Biology)
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 19, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Knight, K. Tags: INSIDE JEB Source Type: research
Dramatic changes in mitochondrial substrate use at critically high temperatures: a comparative study using Drosophila [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Lisa Bjerregaard Jorgensen, Johannes Overgaard, Florence Hunter-Manseau, and Nicolas Pichaud
Ectotherm thermal tolerance is critical to species distribution, but at present the physiological underpinnings of heat tolerance remain poorly understood. Mitochondrial function is perturbed at critically high temperatures in some ectotherms, including insects, suggesting that heat tolerance of these animals is linked to failure of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and/or ATP production. To test this hypothesis, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in six Drosophila species with different heat tolerance using high-r...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 19, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Jorgensen, L. B., Overgaard, J., Hunter-Manseau, F., Pichaud, N. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Zebra finches recognise friends voices [INSIDE JEB]
Kathryn Knight (Source: Journal of Experimental Biology)
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 18, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Knight, K. Tags: INSIDE JEB Source Type: research
The frugivorous bat Carollia perspicillata dynamically changes echolocation parameters in response to acoustic playback [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
M. Jerome Beetz, Manfred Kössl, and Julio C. Hechavarria
Animals extract behaviorally relevant signals from ‘noisy’ environments. Echolocation behavior provides a rich system testbed for investigating signal extraction. When echolocating in acoustically enriched environments, bats show many adaptations that are believed to facilitate signal extraction. Most studies to date focused on describing adaptations in insectivorous bats while frugivorous bats have rarely been tested. Here, we characterize how the frugivorous bat Carollia perspicillata adapts its echolocation behavior in response to acoustic pla...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 18, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Beetz, M. J., Kössl, M., Hechavarria, J. C. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The ROS scavenger PDTC affects adaptation to treadmill running in mice: distinct effects on murine body mass, resting heart rate and skeletal muscle fiber type composition [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Franziska Röchner, Angelika Schmitt, Anne-Lena Brändle, Annunziata Fragasso, and Barbara Munz
Regular exercise induces a broad spectrum of adaptation reactions in a variety of tissues and organs. However, the respective mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the context of their analysis, animal model systems, specifically rodent treadmill running protocols, play an important role. However, few researchers have studied different aspects of adaptation, such as cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle training effects, within one set of experiments. Here, we analyzed physiological adaptation to 10 week...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 18, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Röchner, F., Schmitt, A., Brändle, A.-L., Fragasso, A., Munz, B. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Auditory perception of self and others in zebra finches: evidence from an operant discrimination task [RESEARCH ARTICLE]
Nicole Geberzahn, Sandor Zsebok, and Sebastien Deregnaucourt
Vocal communication is essential for social interactions in many animal species. For this purpose, an animal has to perceive vocal signals of conspecifics and is often also required to discriminate conspecifics. The capacity to discriminate conspecifics is particularly important in social species in which individuals interact repeatedly. In addition, auditory perception of self plays an important role for vocal learners. A vocal learner has to memorise vocalisations of conspecifics and to subsequently modify its own vocalisations in order to match the memorised ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - March 18, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Geberzahn, N., Zsebok, S., Deregnaucourt, S. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
