American Journal of Orthopsychiatry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Actors, observers, and causal attributions of homelessness: Differences in attribution for the causes of homelessness among domiciled and homeless people in Madrid (Spain).
The study analyzes the differences in causal attributions of homelessness and attributions of responsibility among the members of 3 groups: homeless group, consisting of a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid, Spain (n = 188); domiciled service-users group, consisting of people at risk of homelessness (n = 164); and domiciled nonservice-users group, consisting of people at no imminent risk of homelessness (n = 180). The domiciled service-users group and domiciled nonservice-users group were matched to the homeless group or sex, age, and nationality. The article also analyzes homeless people ’s causal attrib...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: V ázquez, José Juan; Panadero, Sonia; Zúñiga, Claudia Source Type: research

Intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences in homeless families: Unpacking exposure to maltreatment versus family dysfunction.
This study investigated the intergenerational continuity of ACEs in mothers and young children aged 4 to 6 years living in emergency homeless shelters. It also examined whether unpacking ACEs into categories of exposure to maltreatment versus family dysfunction affected intergenerational continuity patterns or child socioemotional problems in school. Negative parenting, in the form of observed inept coercive discipline with children, and cumulative sociodemographic risk were examined as additional predictors of child ACEs and socioemotional problems. Mothers (N = 95; aged 20 –45; 64.2% African American, 3.2% African Nati...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Narayan, Angela J.; Kalstabakken, Amanda W.; Labella, Madelyn H.; Nerenberg, Laura S.; Monn, Amy R.; Masten, Ann S. Source Type: research

“I used to be an ordinary mom”: The maternal identity of mothers of women abused by an intimate partner.
This study aims to examine the construction of the maternal identity by Israeli women whose grown daughters have been subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV), in the light of cultural representations of motherhood and domestic violence (DV). Thematic discourse analysis of in-depth interviews with 11 mothers identified discursive strategies that they used to negotiate a troubled maternal identity following their daughters’ IPV experience. The mothers asserted a positive maternal identity by referring to common discourses about DV and motherhood, in a bid to bolster their “good mother” identity, to reframe motherh...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gueta, Keren; Peled, Einat; Sander-Almoznino, Nili Source Type: research

The content and process of self-stigma in people with mental illness.
In this study, 189 individuals with mental illness completed the STARS, along with several explicit (self-report) and implicit (response latency) measures of theoretically related constructs. Consistent with the ories of mental habit, an exploratory factor analysis of the STARS items identified a 2-factor structure that represents the repetition (4 items) and automaticity (4 items) of self-stigmatization. The reliability of the STARS was supported by a Cronbach’s α of .90, and its validity was supported by its significant correlations with theoretical predictors (content of self-stigma, experiential avoidance, and lack ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - December 20, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chan, Kevin K. S.; Mak, Winnie W. S. Source Type: research

Guardianship law versus supported decision-making policies: Perceptions of persons with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities and parents.
Article 12 of the Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognizes all persons with disabilities as having legal capacity in all areas of life. However, in adherence to the Israeli Legal Capacity and Guardianship Law (1962), many persons with intellectual disability (ID) or mental illness (MI) have these rights revoked because of the appointment of a guardian. Little is known about these persons ’ perceptions about guardianship and supported decision making (SDM). Using focus groups, we examined the perceptions of persons with ID, persons with MI, and parents regarding guardianship and SDM. Most particip...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - December 13, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Werner, Shirli; Chabany, Rachel Source Type: research

Weighing the evidence for harm from long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications: A systematic review.
Research findings supporting the use of antipsychotic medication for acute treatment of schizophrenia are relatively consistent and undisputed. However, the rationale for recommending long-term antipsychotic medication treatment —the current standard of care treatment strategy—is unclear. A controversial hypothesis proposed recently suggests people with schizophrenia who are exposed to long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications have worse outcomes than people with schizophrenia who are not exposed to these medic ations. We tested whether a systematic appraisal of published literature would produce data consiste...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - December 13, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sohler, Nancy; Adams, Ben G.; Barnes, David M.; Cohen, Gregory H.; Prins, Seth J.; Schwartz, Sharon Source Type: research

Reflective functioning in parents of school-aged children.
In this study, we used a high-risk community sample of parent–child dyads (N = 117) to explore whether parental RF comprises self- and child-focused factors, whether parental RF is associated with parent and child attachment security, and whether parental RF mediates the association between parent and child attachment security. Results suggested that parental RF can be characterized as having both self- and child-focused components, and that child-focused parental RF is associated with child but not parent attachment security. Further, child-focused parental RF indirectly mediates the association between parent attachmen...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 30, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Borelli, Jessica L.; St. John, H. Kate; Cho, Evelyn; Suchman, Nancy E. Source Type: research

Relation of psychosocial factors to diverse behaviors and attitudes among Somali refugees.
Refugee studies have examined both resilience and adverse outcomes, but no research has examined how different outcomes co-occur or are distinct, and the social-contextual factors that give rise to these diverse outcomes. The current study begins to address this gap by using latent profile analysis to examine the ways in which delinquency, gang involvement, civic engagement, political engagement, and openness to violent extremism cluster among Somali refugees. We then use multivariable regression analyses to examine how adversity (e.g., discrimination, trauma, and marginalization) is associated with the identified latent c...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 29, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ellis, B. Heidi; Abdi, Saida M.; Lazarevic, Vanja; White, Matthew T.; Lincoln, Alisa K.; Stern, Jessica E.; Horgan, John G. Source Type: research

Assessment of anxiety among Northern Plains Indians.
This study is an examination of the reliability and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) in a sample of NPIs (N = 529). Validity was assessed by comparing BAI scores among 3 different diagnostic categories in a clinical sample (anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and comorbid anxiety/mood disorder diagnostic groups) and a community sample of participants with no self-reported mental health diagnoses. The BAI was also compared with depression, quality of life, and anxiety measures to assess validity. Support toward the validity of the BAI was demonstrated through high correlations w...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 23, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gray, Jacqueline S.; McCullagh, John A.; Petros, Thomas Source Type: research

Emergency shelter care utilization in child welfare: Who goes to shelter care? How long do they stay?
Emergency shelter care for children entering foster care is widely used as a temporary first placement, despite its contraindications. However, little research has examined predictors of utilization (e.g., entry into care, length of stay in care). A sample of 123 children (ages 6–13) entering foster care was studied to explore the variables associated with an initial placement in shelter care versus kinship care and variables associated with children staying less than 30 days in the shelter versus 30 days or longer. After applying a classification tree analysis (CTA via Optimal Data Analysis), results indicated that vari...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 16, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leon, Scott C.; Jhe Bai, Grace; Fuller, Anne K.; Busching, Michelle Source Type: research

Extending the RENO model: Clinical and ethical applications.
This article extends the RENO Model core principles by describing how to apply these strategies to clinical practice. This discussion examines the central tenets of the model and includes a review of (a) the ethical principles that should guide the development, implementation, and practice of RENO Model responsible gambling activities; (b) a brief consideration of the various perspectives that influence the treatment of gambling-related problems; and (c) a discussion of key applied elements of responsible gambling programs. This article advances the argument that, to maximize positive outcomes and to avoid unintended harms...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 15, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Shaffer, Howard J.; Ladouceur, Robert; Blaszczynski, Alex; Whyte, Keith Source Type: research

Perceived racial, sexual identity, and homeless status-related discrimination among Black adolescents and young adults experiencing homelessness: Relations with depressive symptoms and suicidality.
There is a dearth of empirical evidence that addresses how racial minority, sexual minority, and homeless statuses, with their accompanying experiences of stigma and discrimination, are related to mental health in adolescent and young adult populations. The current study addresses this gap by examining the associations between multiple forms of discrimination, depressive symptoms, and suicidality in a sample of 89 Black adolescents and young adults (52% female; 47% nonheterosexual, ages 16–24) experiencing homelessness. Results from a series of ordinary least squares and logistic regressions suggested that perceived home...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - October 12, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gattis, Maurice N.; Larson, Andrea Source Type: research

Patterns of depression among adolescent mothers: Resilience related to father support and home visiting program.
The negative consequences of maternal depression are a major public health concern, both for mothers and for their children. Despite the high prevalence of depression among adolescent mothers, little is known about the patterns of adolescent mothers’ depression in the early parenting years. The present study examined mothers’ depression during the first 2 years following childbirth in a sample of 428 young mothers (20 or younger at first childbirth) who were participants in a randomized controlled trial of a home visiting parenting support program. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-reported Center for Ep...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - October 12, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Easterbrooks, M. Ann; Kotake, Chie; Raskin, Maryna; Bumgarner, Erin Source Type: research

The relationship between race/ethnicity and the perceived experience of mental health care.
Although there is a vast amount of literature on differences in the perceived experiences of general health care among different racial/ethnic groups, few studies have examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and perceptions of mental health care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether non-Hispanic African Americans and Hispanics had more negative (or less positive) perceptions of the mental health treatment they receive compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Data were from the 1998 –2006 Florida Health Services Surveys. The findings indicated that African Americans and Hispanics were less likely than White...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - October 11, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cai, Angela; Robst, John Source Type: research

Israeli mothers ’ meaning reconstruction in the aftermath of homicide.
This study is the first to our knowledge to provide an in-depth account of the meanings reconstructed by bereaved Israeli mothers of homicide victims. Homicide survivors tend to receive little or no support from society; this is especially true in Israel, where homicide victims are a neglected population whose voice is socially muted. Constructivist theories have informed understanding of grief, emphasizing the role of meaning reconstruction in adaptation to bereavement, as well as the role of social support in the process of meaning reconstruction. We derived 3 prototypes of meaning from interviews of 12 bereaved mothers:...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - September 6, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mahat-Shamir, Michal; Leichtentritt, Ronit D. Source Type: research