American Journal of Orthopsychiatry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Ethnic differences in problem perception: Immigrant mothers in a parenting intervention to reduce disruptive child behavior.
Ethnic minority families in Europe are underrepresented in mental health care—a profound problem for clinicians and policymakers. One reason for their underrepresentation seems that, on average, ethnic minority families tend to perceive externalizing and internalizing child behavior as less problematic. There is concern that this difference in problem perception might limit intervention effectiveness. We tested the extent to which ethnic differences in problem perception exist when ethnic minority families engage in mental health service and whether lower levels of problem perception diminish parenting intervention effec...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leijten, Patty; Raaijmakers, Maartje A. J.; Orobio de Castro, Bram; Matthys, Walter Source Type: research

Mediating and moderating effects of social support in the study of child abuse and adult physical and mental health.
A number of cross-sectional and a few longitudinal studies have shown a developmental relationship between child abuse and adult physical and mental health. Published findings also suggest that social support can lessen the risk of adverse outcomes for some abused children. However, few studies have investigated whether social support mediates or moderates the relationship between child abuse and adult physical and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to examine data on these topics from a longitudinal study of more than 30 years. While a latent construct of physical and emotional child abuse did not predic...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 3, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Herrenkohl, Todd I.; Jung, Hyunzee; Klika, J. Bart; Mason, W. Alex; Brown, Eric C.; Leeb, Rebecca T.; Herrenkohl, Roy C. Source Type: research

Masculine and family honor and youth violence: The moderating role of ethnic-cultural affiliation.
This study examines the involvement in violent behavior of at-risk Arab and Jewish male youth from a large city in Israel. It explores the role masculine and family honor plays in predicting youth involvement in violence and tests whether this association is moderated by ethnic-cultural affiliation. A total of 282 males (59.2% Arab), aged 15 –21, filled out a self-report closed-ended questionnaire. We found that among both Jewish and Arab youth a greater concern with masculine honor was positively associated with involvement in violence. We also found that Arab youth are significantly more involved in violent behavior th...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 3, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Khoury-Kassabri, Mona Source Type: research

Navigating in murky waters: How multiracial Black individuals cope with racism.
Multiracial people are often lauded as evidence of the waning significance of race and racism in the United States. In reality, the experiences of multiracial people illuminate the ways that racism still exists and efforts to classify people based on assumed racial characteristics for the purposes of inclusion and exclusion are alive and well. Multiracial individuals experience racism from multiple sources and in various forms, which has the potential to negatively impact their development and well-being. Thus, scholars and practitioners must better understand how the growing population of multiracial individuals learns to...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 3, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Snyder, Cyndy R. Source Type: research

Justifications of feticide.
This qualitative research explores the justifications that Israeli women provided for their decision to end their late-stage pregnancies, or in other words to undergo feticide. A constructivist approach was used, as it recognizes the significance of sociocultural narratives in the construction of people ’s experiences. Data from in-depth interviews were analyzed using an adapted version of constant comparative analysis to identify and develop categories and thematic patterns. Three main themes were identified, which incorporated the various justifications women use in explaining their decision to undergo feticide: justif...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 27, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leichtentritt, Ronit D.; Leichtentritt, Judy; Shamir, Michal Mahat Source Type: research

Posttraumatic stress symptoms in context: Examining trauma responses to violent exposures and homicide death among Black males in urban neighborhoods.
Concentrated disadvantage in urban communities places young Black men at disproportionate risk for exposure to violence and trauma. Homicide, a health disparity, positions Black males vulnerable to premature violent death and traumatic loss, particularly when peers are murdered. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been demonstrated as a health consequence for middle-income and White homicide survivors; however, understandings of traumatic stress among young Black men situated in contexts of chronic violence exposure remains limited. Guided by phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST), the current s...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 25, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Smith, Jocelyn R.; Patton, Desmond U. Source Type: research

Stability and change in callous-unemotional traits: Longitudinal associations with potential individual and contextual risk and protective factors.
This longitudinal study examines developmental heterogeneity in callous-unemotional (CU) traits in a large sample of school-age children in Cyprus. Latent Class Growth Analysis revealed 4 trajectory groups of CU traits across 3 time points: stable high, increasing, decreasing, and low. Findings suggested that children in the stable high CU trajectory were more likely to (a) exhibit high and stable levels of conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, impulsivity and narcissism, (b) experience low parental involvement and high parental distress, (c) report low peer support and school connectedness, ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 24, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fanti, Kostas A.; Colins, Olivier F.; Andershed, Henrik; Sikki, Maria Source Type: research

South Asian adolescents’ experiences of acculturative stress and coping.
Despite the significant growth in the South Asian population in the United States over the past 2 decades, the experiences of South Asian adolescents have remained largely invisible. Guided by a socioecological perspective (American Psychological Association, 2012; García Coll & Marks, 2012), this study examined South Asian adolescents’ experiences of acculturative stress and approaches to coping with this stress across home and school contexts. A semistructured interview was completed by 16 participants (9 girls, 7 boys; ages 14–18 years) from different South Asian backgrounds, attending an urban public high school i...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 14, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tummala-Narra, Pratyusha; Deshpande, Anita; Kaur, Jasleen Source Type: research

Multigenerational legacies of trauma: Modeling the what and how of transmission.
To operationalize the theory of Trauma and the Continuity of Self: A Multidimensional, Multidisciplinary, Integrative Framework (Danieli, 1998), we created a testable model using factors in Holocaust survivors ’ lives that may have affected their offspring’s adaptation. A web-based sample of 422 adult children of survivors completed a 3-part inventory assessing multigenerational legacies of trauma. To explain the severity of the child’s reparative adaptational impacts, we conducted hierarchical regr ession analyses (Phase 1) and path analyses (Phase 2). We hypothesized that these impacts followed largely from the (ch...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 13, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Danieli, Yael; Norris, Fran H.; Engdahl, Brian Source Type: research

Associations of adult separation anxiety disorder with conflict-related trauma, ongoing adversity, and the psychosocial disruptions of mass conflict among West Papuan refugees.
Refugees commonly experience traumatic events that threaten the self and close others, suggesting the possibility that they may experience overlapping symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD). We examine this possibility among West Papua refugees (n = 230) displaced to Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. We also examine associations between the combined PTSD−SAD construct and indices of past trauma exposure, ongoing adversity, and the psychosocial disruptions caused by mass conflict and displacement. We applied culturally adapted interview modules to assess symptoms of PTSD, SAD,...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tay, Alvin Kuowei; Rees, Susan; Kareth, Moses; Silove, Derrick Source Type: research

Social support networks among diverse sexual minority populations.
This article reports a study of the function and composition of social support networks among diverse lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) men and women (n = 396) in comparison to their heterosexual peers (n = 128). Data were collected using a structured social support network matrix in a community sample recruited in New York City. Our findings show that gay and bisexual men may rely on “chosen families” more than lesbian and bisexual women. Both heterosexuals and LGBs relied less on family and more on other people (e.g., friends, coworkers) for everyday social support (e.g., recreational and social activities, talking ab...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Frost, David M.; Meyer, Ilan H.; Schwartz, Sharon Source Type: research

Suicidality and sexual orientation: Characteristics of symptom severity, disclosure, and timing across the life course.
This investigation explored suicide-related characteristics and help-seeking behavior by sexual orientation. Population-based data are from the California Quality of Life Surveys, which included 1,478 sexual minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and homosexually experienced individuals) and 3,465 heterosexual individuals. Bisexual women had a nearly six-fold increased risk of lifetime suicide attempts than heterosexual women (RR = 5.88, 95%CI: 3.89–8.90), and homosexually experienced men had almost 7 times higher risk of lifetime suicide attempts than heterosexual men (RR = 6.93, 95%CI: 3.65–13.15). Sexual minority men and...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Blosnich, John R.; Nasuti, Laura J.; Mays, Vickie M.; Cochran, Susan D. Source Type: research

Profiles of bullying victimization, discrimination, social support, and school safety: Links with Latino/a youth acculturation, gender, depressive symptoms, and cigarette use.
Latino/a youth are at risk for symptoms of depression and cigarette smoking but this risk varies by acculturation and gender. To understand why some youth are at greater risk than others, we identified profiles of diverse community experiences (perceived discrimination, bullying victimization, social support, perceived school safety) and examined associations between profiles of community experience and depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, acculturation, and gender. Data came from Project Red (Reteniendo y Entendiendo Diversidad para Salud), a school-based longitudinal study of acculturation among 1,919 Latino/a adolesc...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lorenzo-Blanco, Elma I.; Unger, Jennifer B.; Oshri, Assaf; Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes; Soto, Daniel Source Type: research

The increasing impact of socioeconomics and race on standardized academic test scores across elementary, middle, and high school.
For students and schools, the current policy is to measure success via standardized testing. Yet the immutable factors of socioeconomic status (SES) and race have, consistently, been implicated in fostering an achievement gap. The current study explores, at the school-level, the impact of these factors on test scores. Percentage of students proficient for Language and Math was analyzed from 452 schools across the state of New Jersey. By high school, 52% of the variance in Language and 59% in Math test scores can be accounted for by SES and racial factors. At this level, a 1% increase in school minority population correspon...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: White, Gwyne W.; Stepney, Cesalie T.; Hatchimonji, Danielle Ryan; Moceri, Dominic C.; Linsky, Arielle V.; Reyes-Portillo, Jazmin A.; Elias, Maurice J. Source Type: research

Andrew Carnegie and Bill Gates: Philanthropy and oligarchy, then and now.
This article discusses the work of three large foundations (Bill and Melinda Gates, Walton Family, and Eli and Edyth Broad) in their mission to reform public education. These three foundations have diverse interests, and without a doubt they do good work in many fields. However, my late wife and I were interested in their work in public education. My comments here are restricted to what I know of their work in public education. I use two of Andrew Carnegie’s philanthropic projects in a compare-and-contrast exercise. In this essay, I compare and contrast the early philanthropic effort of Andrew Carnegie to the philanthrop...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Levine, Murray Source Type: research