American Journal of Orthopsychiatry This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Aggression, Academic Behaviors, and Popularity Perceptions Among Boys of Color During the Transition to Middle School
In this study, peer nominations of aggressive and academic behaviors as well as youths' perceptions of how these behaviors were related to popularity in peer networks were obtained from the spring semester of fifth grade through the spring semester of seventh grade, with the transition occurring as the students entered the sixth grade. The sample included 188 boys (71 Caucasian, 90 African American, and 27 Hispanic) from an urban school district in the northeastern United States. Trajectory analyses showed that African American boys scored lower in studentship and higher in rule‐breaking and aggressive (both physical and...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hongling Xie, Molly Dawes, Tabitha J. Wurster, Bing Shi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Gender‐Typed Behaviors, Achievement, and Adjustment Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Boys During Early Adolescence
This research examined the relations between adherence to gender‐typed behaviors in boys' friendships, achievement, and self‐esteem. Participants were racially and ethnically diverse adolescent boys in grade 8 (Mage = 13.05; range = 12–14). The study was completed at a public junior high school that offered both single‐ and mixed‐gender classes. Data were collected in 2 waves, the first wave in fall of 2010 and the second in spring of 2011. At each wave, participants completed assessments of gender concepts and self‐esteem. Standardized tests scores from the end of the previous academic year and the end of ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Carlos E. Santos, Kathrine Galligan, Erin Pahlke, Richard A. Fabes Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

School‐ and Community‐Based Associations to Hypermasculine Attitudes in African American Adolescent Males
This study examined the role of hypermasculinity as a form of reactive coping among urban African American adolescent males (ages 12–17) and assessed the extent to which hypermasculinity is influenced by youth appraisals of how adults in their school and community perceive them. Two research questions were addressed: (a) Do adolescent males who report negative community and school experiences use hypermasculine attitudes as a coping response? (b) Do the effects of perceived negative school and community experiences persist, if they are present at all? Participants in the study were 241 African American adolescent males ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michael Cunningham, Dena Phillips Swanson, DeMarquis M. Hayes Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Racially Diverse Classrooms: Effects of Classroom Racial Composition on Interracial Peer Relationships
The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects that a child's race and the racial composition of a classroom have on a variety of sociometric measures. Sociometric nominations were collected from 872 fifth‐grade students (48% male, 48% Black) who were in classrooms that ranged from nearly all Black to nearly all White students. Hierarchical Linear Modeling analyses indicated that the race of the child, the race of the rater, and the classroom race composition each impacted sociometric nominations. Results suggest that schools that are more balanced in the distribution of Black and White students might p...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Joan M. Barth, Kristina L. McDonald, John E. Lochman, Carolyn Boxmeyer, Nicole Powell, Casey Dillon, Meghann Sallee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Raising African American Boys: An Exploration of Gender and Racial Socialization Practices
Although parental socialization practices are critical to a child's social development, little is known of the details of how parental practices function to meet the specific challenges of supporting young boys' development as African American and men. Accordingly, this article offers a window onto how 15 parents of African American boys (ages 3–8) conceive and implement strategies for their sons' social and emotional development. Using ethnographic observations and structured interview data, this article explores the ways they promote emerging racial and gender identities and socioemotional well‐being. Findings reveal...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lionel C. Howard, Jason C. Rose, Oscar A. Barbarin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The Relation of Dialogic, Control, and Racial Socialization Practices to Early Academic and Social Competence: Effects of Gender, Ethnicity, and Family Socioeconomic Status
This research tests the relations of parental practices to child competence and assertions that practices differ by gender of the child. Home‐based interviews and structured observations of parent–child interactions were conducted with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of families (N = 501) whose 4‐year‐old children were served in public prekindergarten. Study data confirmed the importance of parental practices for children's academic and social competence but did not support claims that use of any of the practices was related to the child's gender. Significant differences were found for economic...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oscar Barbarin, Esther Jean‐Baptiste Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Trajectories of Intrusive Parenting During Infancy and Toddlerhood as Predictors of Rural, Low‐Income African American Boys' School‐Related Outcomes
Stability and change in maternal intrusiveness during early childhood is rarely explored, particularly within African American families. The current study examined the prediction of maternal intrusiveness during the first 3 years of life among mothers of rural, low‐income African American boys and its relation to school‐related outcomes. Observations of mothers (N = 230) interacting with children at 6, 24, and 36 months were coded and analyzed. Predictors of the trajectories and child outcomes were assessed using questionnaires and various tasks. On average, mothers of African American boys increased in intrusivene...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Amanda R. Clincy, W. Roger Mills‐Koonce Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

From Higher Order Thinking to Higher Order Behavior: Exploring the Relationship Between Early Cognitive Skills and Social Competence in Black Boys
This study examines the relations of higher order (i.e., abstract) thinking (HOT) skills to specific domains of social competence in Black boys (n = 108) attending publicly sponsored prekindergarten (pre‐K) programs. Data for the study were collected as part of the National Center for Early Development and Learning (NCEDL) Multi‐State Study, a national, longitudinal study examining the quality and outcomes in a representative sample of publicly sponsored pre‐K programs in six states (N = 240). Pre‐K and kindergarten teachers rated randomly selected children on measures of abstract thinking, self‐regulation, a...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kristin M. Scott, Oscar A. Barbarin, Jeffrey M. Brown Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Socioemotional Trajectories in Black Boys Between Kindergarten and the Fifth Grade: The Role of Cognitive Skills and Family in Promoting Resiliency
This study tests a multilevel risk model of emotional well‐being assessing the relation of poverty, maternal functioning, and child cognitive competence to changes in Black boys’ internalizing symptoms between kindergarten and the fifth grade. The study utilizes data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS‐K) to describe development of internalizing problems in a nationally representative sample of Black boys (N = 1603) over the period. Through Latent Growth Curve Analysis, trajectories were identified that showed some boys with stable levels of internalizing symptoms (high and low l...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jeffrey Brown, Oscar Barbarin, Kristin Scott Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Individual Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Associated Executive Dysfunction and Traits: Sex, Ethnicity, and Family Income
The goal of the present investigation was to investigate sex, ethnic, and socioeconomic status (SES) influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and risk markers, including executive dysfunction and temperament traits. Participants were 109 children who were 3 to 6 years old (64% male; 36% ethnic minority) and their primary caregivers and teachers who completed a multistage, multi‐informant screening, and diagnostic procedure. Parents completed a diagnostic interview and diagnostic and temperament questionnaires, teachers completed questionnaires, and children completed cognitive control tasks....
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michelle M. Martel Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A Longitudinal Examination of Socioemotional Learning in African American and Latino Boys Across the Transition From Pre‐K to Kindergarten
Questions about socioemotional learning in boys of color (BOC) arise in light of the disproportionate rates of school adjustment difficulties BOC experience by adolescence. Socioemotional competence in BOC is assessed in terms of self‐regulation, interpersonal skills, and positive relationships with peers and teachers when they enter pre‐K. Changes in competence are tracked until the end of kindergarten. Teachers from randomly selected early childhood programs in 11 states rated children's socioemotional competence in the fall and spring of pre‐K. Children were followed through the end of kindergarten. Analyses compa...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oscar Barbarin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Development of Social‐Emotional Competence in Boys of Color: A Cross‐Sectional Cohort Analysis from Pre‐K to Second Grade
This article explores the development of psychosocial competence in boys of color (BOC; 226 African Americans and 109 Latinos). Changes in competence were assessed over 2 years in cohorts of low‐income BOC beginning in pre‐K, kindergarten, or first grade. Psycho‐social competence was assessed in terms of self‐regulation, interpersonal skills, and positive relationships with peers and teachers. Psycho‐social and academic competence in literacy and math were assessed in prekindergarten through second grade using teacher reports, child reports, and normed measures. One‐year follow‐up data were available on meas...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - July 29, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oscar Barbarin, Iheoma U. Iruka, Chistine Harradine, Donna‐Marie C. Winn, Marvin K. McKinney, Lorraine C. Taylor Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Development of Boys of Color: An Introduction
(Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - April 1, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Oscar A. Barbarin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Adult Attachment, Emotion Dysregulation, and Symptoms of Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Differences in attachment style have been linked to both emotion regulation and psychological functioning, but the emotion regulatory mechanism through which attachment style might impact symptoms of depression and anxiety is unclear. The present study examined the explanatory role of emotion dysregulation in the relation between adult attachment style and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a sample of 284 adults. Secure attachment was associated with lower depression and GAD symptoms and lower emotion dysregulation, whereas insecure attachment styles were generally associated with higher depr...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 18, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Anna Marganska, Michelle Gallagher, Regina Miranda Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Psychometric Properties of a New Measure to Assess Autism Spectrum Disorder in DSM‐5
This article presents preliminary psychometric properties of a new 45‐item scale, the Coolidge Autistic Symptoms Survey (CASS), designed to differentiate between children within the autism spectrum (including Asperger's Disorder) and purportedly normal children, in anticipation of DSM‐5 changes, in which a single diagnostic category is proposed: autism spectrum disorder. The final sample (N = 72) consisted of 19 children diagnosed with Asperger's Disorder, 19 children who were considered loners by their parents (without an autism diagnosis), and 34 purportedly normal children. The CASS and the 200‐item, DSM‐IV‐TR...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - January 18, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Frederick L. Coolidge, Peter D. Marle, Camille S. Rhoades, Patricia Monaghan, Daniel L. Segal Tags: Original Article Source Type: research