Synergetic effect of hookah smoking on varicocele-associated male reproductive impairment in the Saudi community in Al Jouf region, Saudi Arabia

Conclusion: Chronic hookah smoking significantly affects the reproductive hormonal and semen parameters in varicocele patients as compared to people with varicocele without smoking. This implies that hookah has an adverse effect on male reproductive and infertility.

Source: Urology Annals - July 14, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Mohammed Jayed Alenzi Source Type: research