Associations between diet‐related diseases and impaired physiological mechanisms: a holistic approach based on meta‐analyses to identify targets for preventive nutrition

The objective of this exhaustive review was to collect scientific evidence – with priority given to quantitative reviews – published between 1950 and 2011 to assess the relationships between major diet‐related chronic diseases and deregulated mechanisms. The results revealed that diabetes and obesity are the key diseases that lead to all other diet‐related chronic diseases, while cancer, cardiovascular disease, skeletal disease, and sarcopenia are endpoint diseases. Liver disease, kidney disease, digestive disease, and mental illness are consequences as well as causes of other diet‐related chronic diseases. All diseases have multifactorial causes, and most result from decreased antioxidant status, acid‐base imbalance, increased inflammatory status, impaired carbohydrate/lipid/one‐carbon metabolism, impaired functioning of neurons and DNA transcription, hypertension, and/or modified digestive microflora. Nutritional strategies that focus on the prevention of obesity and diabetes should be prioritized in order to reduce the prevalence of other major chronic diseases.
Source: Nutrition Reviews - Category: Nutrition Authors: Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research