Awake Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Technical Note

ConclusionsThe latest technical considerations and adaptations of a novel technique for endoscopic MIS spinal fusion without general anesthesia are described. A refined surgical technique and anesthetic protocol are presented in detail with recommendations for the successful implementation and performance of the procedure.
Source: HSS Journal - Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research