Activin‐A in Diabetes‐Induced Cardiac Malformations in Embryos

CONCLUSIONSMaternal diabetes suppresses the expression of inhibin βA protein, as well as the activation of Smad2 and Smad3. Activin‐A rescues cell proliferation in the myocardium and migration of the endocardial cells suppressed by hyperglycemia. The activin‐Smad2/3 signaling system appears to play a role in cardiac malformation in diabetic embryopathy.

Source: Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology - May 28, 2013 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Zhiyong Zhao Tags: Original Article Source Type: research