IL-27 promotes the expansion of self-renewing CD8+ T cells in persistent viral infection

Chronic infection and cancer are associated with suppressed T cell responses in the presence of cognate antigen. Recent work identified memory-like CXCR5+ TCF1+ CD8+ T cells that sustain T cell responses during persistent infection and proliferate upon anti-PD1 treatment. Approaches to expand these cells are sought. We show that blockade of interferon type 1 (IFN-I) receptor leads to CXCR5+ CD8+ T cell expansion in an IL-27– and STAT1-dependent manner. IFNAR1 blockade promoted accelerated cell division and retention of TCF1 in virus-specific CD8+ T cells. We found that CD8+ T cell–intrinsic IL-27 signaling safeguards the ability of TCF1hi cells to maintain proliferation and avoid terminal differentiation or programmed cell death. Mechanistically, IL-27 endowed rapidly dividing cells with IRF1, a transcription factor that was required for sustained division in a cell-intrinsic manner. These findings reveal that IL-27 opposes IFN-I to uncouple effector differentiation from cell division and suggest that IL-27 signaling could be exploited to augment self-renewing T cells in chronic infections and cancer.

Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine - August 4, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Huang, Z., Zak, J., Pratumchai, I., Shaabani, N., Vartabedian, V. F., Nguyen, N., Wu, T., Xiao, C., Teijaro, J. R. Tags: Stem Cells & Regeneration, Infectious Disease and Host Defense Articles Source Type: research