Mind the gap: A review and recommendations for statistically evaluating Dual Systems models of adolescent risk behavior

Publication date: Available online 25 July 2019Source: Developmental Cognitive NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Samuel N. Meisel, Whitney D. Fosco, Larry W. Hawk, Craig R. ColderAbstractAccording to Dual Systems models (Casey et al., 2008; Luna & Wright, 2016; Steinberg, 2008), a rapidly-developing socioemotional system and gradually-developing cognitive control system characterize adolescent brain development. The imbalance hypothesis forwarded by Dual Systems models posits that the magnitude of the imbalance between these two developing systems should predict the propensity for engaging in a variety of risk behaviors. The current integrative review argues that the excitement generated by the imbalance hypothesis and its implications for explaining adolescent risk behaviors has not been meet with equal efforts to rigorously test this hypothesis. The goal of the current review is to help guide the field to consider appropriate and rigorous methods of testing the imbalance hypothesis. First, we review the analytic approaches that have been used to test the imbalance hypothesis and outline statistical and conceptual limitations of these approaches. Next, we discuss the utility of two longitudinal analytic approaches (Latent Difference Scores and Growth Mixture Modeling) for testing the imbalance hypothesis. We utilize data from a large community adolescent sample to illustrate each approach and argue that Latent Difference Scores and Growth Mixture Modeling approaches enhance the specifi...

Source: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience - July 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research