The Wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine

Publication date: Available online 24 July 2019Source: Genes & DiseasesAuthor(s): Sami Mostafa, Mikhail Pakvasa, Elam Coalson, Allen Zhu, Alex Alverdy, Hector Castillo, Jiaming Fan, Alex Li, Yixiao Feng, Di Wu, Elliott Bishop, Scott Du, Mia Spezia, Alissa Li, Ofir Hagag, Alison Deng, Winny Liu, Mingyang Li, Sherwin S. Ho, Aravind AthivirahamAbstractAlthough bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-imp...
Source: Genes and Diseases - Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research