How non-enveloped viruses hijack host machineries to cause infection

Publication date: Available online 2 July 2019Source: Advances in Virus ResearchAuthor(s): Chelsey C. Spriggs, Mara C. Harwood, Billy TsaiAbstractViruses must navigate the complex endomembranous network of the host cell to cause infection. In the case of a non-enveloped virus that lacks a surrounding lipid bilayer, endocytic uptake from the plasma membrane is not sufficient to cause infection. Instead, the virus must travel within organelle membranes to reach a specific cellular destination that supports exposure or arrival of the virus to the cytosol. This is achieved by viral penetration across a host endomembrane, ultimately enabling entry of the virus into the nucleus to initiate infection. In this review, we discuss the entry mechanisms of three distinct non-enveloped DNA viruses—adenovirus (AdV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and polyomavirus (PyV)—highlighting how each exploit different intracellular transport machineries and membrane penetration apparatus associated with the endosome, Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane systems to infect a host cell. These processes not only illuminate a highly-coordinated interplay between non-enveloped viruses and their host, but may provide new strategies to combat non-enveloped virus-induced diseases.
Source: Advances in Virus Research - Category: Virology Source Type: research