Forces in spinal cannulation and breaches ex vivo

Conclusion: A large range of cannulation and breach forces and torques were measured due to variations in bone quality and geometry, as experienced clinically. This is the first time that the absolute and relative force and torque levels have been reported, to our knowledge.
Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine - Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research