Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Thrombectomy of Level IV Renal Cell Carcinoma without Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Advanced renal cell carcinoma accompanied by tumor
thrombus in the venous system is present in up to 10% of cases.
Extension of tumor thrombus above the diaphragm or into the
right atrium represents level IV disease. Level IV tumors are typically
treated with sterno-laparotomy approach with or without deep
hypothermic circulatory arrest and veno-venous bypass. In this
case report, the surgical technique for the resection of advanced
RCC were described, with the concomitant use of transesophageal
echocardiography for thrombus extraction without the venovenous
or cardiopulmonary bypass.
Source: Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery - Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
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