Possible Physiopathological Effects of the Transglutaminase Activity on the Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Human Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Possible Physiopathological Effects of the Transglutaminase Activity on the Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2014 Nov 11; Authors: Iannaccone M, Titta F, Serretiello E, Monfregola M, Gentile V Abstract Transglutaminases are a class of ubiquitous enzymes which catalyze post-translational modifications of proteins. The main activity of these enzymes is the cross-linking of glutaminyl residues of a protein/peptide substrate to lysyl residues of a protein/peptide co-substrate. In addition to lysyl residues, other second nucleophilic co-substrates may include monoamines or polyamines (to form mono- or bi-substituted /crosslinked adducts) or -OH groups (to form ester linkages). In absence of co-substrates, the nucleophile may be water, resulting in the net deamidation of the glutaminyl residue. Transglutaminase activity has been suggested to be involved in molecular mechanisms responsible for both physiological or pathological processes. Recently, transglutaminase activity has been shown to be responsible for a widespread human autoimmune disease, the Celiac Disease. Interestingly, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, supranuclear palsy, Huntington's Disease and other polyglutamine diseases, are characterized in part by aberrant cerebral transglutaminase activity and by increased cross-linked proteins in affected brains. This review f...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research