Interaction of gut microbiota with dysregulation of bile acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease  and potential therapeutic implications of probiotics

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with disturbances of gut microbiota that cause dysregulation of bile acids and nuclear receptors. Activation of farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G ‐protein–coupled bile acid protein 5 has been extensively investigated for treating NAFLD with promising outcomes but paradoxical effects are major problems. We propose that modulating gut microbiota could be an alternative novel approach for the treatment of NAFLD. AbstractThe intestinal microbiota is now recognised to play key roles in health due to its involvement in many aspects of human physiology. Disturbance in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) is thus associated with many diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which includes nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The mechanisms for the effect of dysbiosis in NAFLD pathogenesis are not completely elucidated. Many explanations have been proposed to trigger dysbiosis, leading to NAFLD including inflammation, ethanol produced by the gut bacteria and lipotoxicity. Recently the roles of bile acids and nuclear receptors are highly regarded. It is well known that gut microbes produce enzymes that convert primary bile acids into secondary bile acids in the intestines. Several studies have demonstrated that disturbance of the intestinal microbiota leads to decreased synthesis of secondary bile acids, which in turn decreases activation of nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pr...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tags: VIEW POINTS Source Type: research