Receptor activator of NF- κB (RANK)-mediated induction of metastatic spread and association with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

According to histological criteria, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be classified into 3 major subtypes: clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC [1]. The most frequent subtype is ccRCC, accounting for approximately 75% of all RCC cases [1]. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a chemo- and irradiation-resistant tumor with a historical median overall survival (OS) of RCC patients of approximately 10 months [2]. Despite the recent success of new treatment strategies with targeted therapies and specific immunotherapies in the treatment of mRCC, many tumors are resistant to current standard of care agents and only a few patients can be durably cured with standard of care therapies [3 –5].
Source: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: Original article Source Type: research