PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and the immunologic milieu of bladder carcinomas: a pathologic review of 165 cases
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein that plays a major role in immune suppression. Its interaction with the receptor PD-1 results in downregulation of antitumoral immunity. Humanized monoclonal antibodies that interrupt the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction have shown therapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced urothelial cancer. However, immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1 in bladder tumors and its relationship to tumor histologic type, grade, and overall survival has been incompletely analyzed.
Source: Human Pathology - Category: Pathology Authors: Jonathan J. Davick, Henry F. Frierson, Mark Smolkin, Alejandro A. Gru Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: research
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