Relationship Between Bent Long Bones, Bent Scapulae, and Wavy Ribs: Malformations or Variations?

CONCLUSIONOur conclusion from this review is that bent long bones and scapulae, like wavy ribs, appear to be secondary to maternal and developmental toxicity, are transient, and like wavy ribs should be considered variations rather than malformations

Source: Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology - September 23, 2014 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Carole A. Kimmel, Michael R. Garry, John M. DeSesso Tags: Review Article Source Type: research