Role of immunotherapy in bacillus Calmette –Guérin-unresponsive non–muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesical instillation of live attenuated bacillus Calmette –Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard for patients with intermediate- and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). BCG-failures include a heterogenous population of patients who share a designation of disease recurrence or progression following BCG and include patients with complete u nresponsiveness to BCG, patients who respond initially but develop relapse and, in some cases, patients who are intolerant to BCG due to side effects.
Source: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: Review article Source Type: research