[Review] Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, known as ketogenic diets, have been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for refractory epilepsy. A key mechanism of this treatment is thought to be the generation of ketones, which provide brain cells (neurons and astrocytes) with an energy source that is more efficient than glucose, resulting in beneficial downstream metabolic changes, such as increasing adenosine levels, which might have effects on seizure control. However, some studies have challenged the central role of ketones because medium-chain fatty acids, which are part of a commonly used variation of the diet (the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet), have been shown to directly inhibit AMPA receptors (glutamate receptors), and to change cell energetics through mitochondrial biogenesis.

Source: Lancet Neurology - December 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Katrin Augustin, Aziza Khabbush, Sophie Williams, Simon Eaton, Michael Orford, J Helen Cross, Simon J R Heales, Matthew C Walker, Robin S B Williams Tags: Review Source Type: research