Assessment of interleukin ‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐Α levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never‐smokers with peri‐implantitis

ConclusionWS with peri‐implantitis present increased expression of local proinflammatory cytokines in the PISF than never‐smokers.

Source: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research - November 16, 2017 Category: Dentistry Authors: Tariq Abduljabbar, Zohaib Akram, Fahim Vohra, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Fawad Javed Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research