Modified T-cells (using TCR and CTAs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and other molecular tools in recent gene therapy

Publication date: Available online 25 September 2017 Source:Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics Author(s): A.S. Odiba, V.E. Ottah, O.K. Iroha T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy by the transfer of cloned TCRs that are isolated from tumor penetrating T-cells becomes a possibility through NY-ESOc259; a human-derived affinity-enhanced TCR that provides a level of sufficiency in long-term safety and efficacy. NY-ESOc259 recognizes a peptide common to CTAs (LAGE-1 and NY-ESO-1) in melanoma. Risks associated with insertion related transformation in gene therapy have been alleviated through strategies that include the engineering of transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALEN), RNA-guided nucleases (CRISPR/Cas9), Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN). Cancer immunotherapy based on the genetic modification of autologous T-cells (dependent on the engineered autologous CD8+ T-cells), designed to distinguish and destroy cells bearing tumor-specific antigens via a CAR is able to exterminate B-cell leukemias and lymphomas that are resilient to conventional therapies. A tool with a very large reservoir of potentials in molecular therapy strategy is the Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSC), with pluripotency factors that include Klf4, Sox2, c-Myc, Oct4, differentiating into disease-associated cell phenotypes of three germ layers, comprising of mesoderm (e.g. cardiac cells, blood and muscle), endoderm (liver, pancreas) and ectoderm (epidermis, neurons). It finds good application in diseas...
Source: Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics - Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research