Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the effects of Flavin ‐Containing Monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) polymorphisms on Itopride exposure

Abstract Itopride, a substrate of FMO3, has been used for the symptomatic treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was applied to evaluate the impact of FMO3 polymorphism on itopride pharmacokinetics (PK). The Asian populations within the Simcyp simulator were updated to incorporate information on frequency, activity and abundance of FMO3 enzyme with different phenotypes. A meta‐analysis of relative enzyme activities suggested that FMO3 activity in subjects with homozygous Glu158Lys and Glu308Gly mutations (Lys158 and Gly308) in both alleles is ~47% lower than those carrying two wild‐type FMO3 alleles. Individuals with homozygous Lys158 and Gly308 mutations account for about 5% of the total population in Asian populations. A CLint of 9 μl/min/pmol was optimised for itopride via retrograde approach as human liver microsomal result would under‐predict its clearance by ~7.9‐fold. The developed itopride PBPK model was first verified with 3 additional clinical studies in Korean and Japanese subjects resulting in a predicted clearance of 52 to 69 L/h, which were comparable to those observed (55 to 88 L/h). The model was then applied to predict plasma concentration‐time profiles of itopride in Chinese subjects with wild type or homozygous Lys158 and Gly308 FMO3 genotypes. The ratios of predicted over observed AUC of itopride in subjects with each genotype were 1.23 and 0.94, respectively. In addition, the resul...
Source: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research