Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; alarming variables for postoperative bleeding

Conclusion According to our present results stone complexity (GSS grade 3 and 4), history of ipsilateral renal stone surgery, and occurrence of intraoperative pelvicalyceal perforation are alarming variables for post-PCNL bleeding.
Source: Arab Journal of Urology - Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research