Causal effect of self-esteem on cigarette smoking stages in adolescents: a coarsened exact matching in a longitudinal study

Identifying the causal impact of self-esteem on smoking stages faces seemingly insurmountable problems in observational data, where self-esteem is not manipulable by the researcher and cannot be randomly assigned.
Source: Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives - Category: Global & Universal Authors: Tags: Original Article Source Type: research