The P4 Health Spectrum – A Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Continuum for Promoting Healthspan

Chronic diseases (i.e., Noncommunicable Diseases), mainly cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases and type-2-diabetes, are now the leading cause of death, disability and diminished quality of life on the planet. Moreover, these diseases are also a major financial burden worldwide, significantly impacting the economy of many countries. Healthcare systems and medicine have progressively improved upon the ability to address infectious diseases and react to adverse health events through both surgical interventions and pharmacology; we have become efficient in delivering reactive care (i.e., initiating interventions once an individual is on the verge of or has actually suffered a negative health event).

Source: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases - August 17, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Michael Sagner, Amy McNeil, Pekka Puska, Charles Auffray, Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, Carl J. Lavie, Ze-Guang Han, Zhu Chen, Samir Kumar Brahmachari, Bruce S. McEwen, Marcelo B. Soares, Rudi Balling, Elissa Epel, Ross Arena Source Type: research