Plant Phospholipases D and C and Their Diverse Functions in Stress Responses

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2016 Source:Progress in Lipid Research Author(s): Yueyun Hong, Jian Zhao, Liang Guo, Sang-Chul Kim, Xianjun Deng, Geliang Wang, Gaoyang Zhang, Maoyin Li, Xuemin Wang Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different forms: the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding domain-containing PLDs (C2-PLDs), the plekstrin homology and phox homology domain-containing PLDs (PX/PH-PLDs), phosphoinositide-specific PLC (PI-PLC), and non-specific PLC (NPC). They differ in structures, substrate selectivities, cofactor requirements, and/or reaction conditions. These enzymes and their reaction products, such as phosphatidic acid (PA), diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol polyphosphates, play important, multifaceted roles in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we review biochemical properties, cellular effects, and physiological functions of PLDs and PLCs, particularly in the context of their roles in stress response along with advances made on the role of PA and DAG in cell signaling in plants. The mechanism of actions, including those common and distinguishable among different PLDs and PLCs, will also be discussed.

Source: Progress in Lipid Research - January 18, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research