Bone morphogenetic proteins in inflammation, glucose homeostasis and adipose tissue energy metabolism

BMPs are large dimeric proteins synthesized and folded in the cytoplasm and cleaved by proteases during secretion. They are highly conserved molecules whose biologically active C-terminal peptide is released into the extracellular compartment to bind membrane receptors on target cells. Ligand binding induces constitutively-active BMP type II receptors to trans phosphorylate the BMP type I receptor which in turn phosphorylates the intracellular BMP effector proteins SMAD1/5/8 whereas TGFβ1 typically activates Smad2 and Smad3 [1–5].

Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - December 28, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lovorka Grgurevic, Gitte Lund Christensen, Tim Schulz, Slobodan Vukicevic Tags: Survey Source Type: research